Genesis and tectonic implications of cumulate pyroxenites and tectonite peridotites from the Nagaland–Manipur ophiolites, Northeast India: constraints from mineralogical and geochemical characteristics

Abstract

The Nagaland–Manipur ophiolites (NMO) of Northeast India forms a part of the Tethyan ophiolites and comprises a suite of tectonite peridotites and cumulate mafic–ultramafic sequence with mafic extrusive–intrusive rocks, felsic intrusives and oceanic pelagic sediments along with minor podiform chromitites. However, sheeted dykes, which are considered as a significant component of ophiolites, are absent in the NMO. The tectonite peridotites are distinguished from the cumulate pyroxenites by the presence of pyroxene lineation, deformed bands and strained extinction in olivine, kink twin lamellae in pyroxene. Both the tectonite peridotites and cumulate pyroxenites contain aluminous spinel with Cr number [Cr# = Cr/(Cr + Al)] in the range of 0.14 to 0.29 and 0.27 to 0.48, respectively. Mg number [Mg# = Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)] in Cr‐spinel is higher in tectonite peridotites (0.71–0.76) than cumulate pyroxenites (0.44–0.53). Chondrite‐normalized rare earth elements (REE) patterns of cumulate pyroxenites exhibit depleted at light REEE (LREE) (LaN/SmN = 0.380–0.759) but flat middle REE (MREE) to heavy REE (HREE) (SmN/YbN = 0.622–0.756). However, the tectonite peridotites show gradual decrease in concentrations from HREE to MREE (SmN/YbN = 0.285–0.460) and slight increase in LREE (LaN/SmN = 0.721–2.201). The cumulate pyroxenites show strong enriched PPGE patterns and higher PGE concentrations (∑PGE = 85.8–163.5 ppb) compared with the tectonite peridotites (∑PGE = 34.8–113.0 ppb). The estimated equilibration temperature ranges from 890 to 931 °C for cumulate pyroxenites and 971 to 1156 °C for tectonite peridotites. The olivine–spinel equilibrium along with Cr‐spinel chemistry and PGE data suggests that the tectonite peridotites represent the residual mantle left after limited extraction of basaltic melts by low‐degree partial melting (<15%). Conversely, the presence of highly magnesian orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in the cumulate pyroxenites in conjunction with their geothermometry suggests that they were formed at high pressure and temperature by magmatic fractionation from the basaltic melt. The geochemical data together with field and petrographical evidences indicate that both the tectonite peridotites and cumulate pyroxenites are essentially spinel‐bearing and devoid of plagioclase, suggesting their derivation in the mantle beyond the stability limit of plagioclase in a mid‐oceanic ridge tectonic setting. We conclude that the ultramafic sequence of the NMO was initially generated at a mid‐oceanic ridge tectonic setting close to the eastern boundary of the Indian passive margin and then thrust over the continental margin of the Indian Plate towards the west during its collisional and subduction process with/beneath the Myanmar Plate. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Subduction versus non‐subduction origin of the Nagaland‐Manipur Ophiolites along the Indo‐Myanmar Orogenic Belt, northeast India: Fact and fallacy

“…Some claimed that these two ophiolite belts are genetically unrelated; the eastern belt is a continuation of the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture (BNS) of the Meso‐Tethys Ocean, whereas the western belt is a continuation of the IYTS and represents relics of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean (Liu et al, 2016). The NMO in the western belt has recently gained attention due to the availability of geochemically diverse mafic and ultramafic rocks (Ao, Bhowmik, & Upadhyay, 2020; Bhowmik & Ao, 2016; Ghosh et al, 2017; Khogenkumar et al, 2016; Kingson, Bhutani, Dash, Sebastian, & Balakrishnan, 2017; Ovung et al, 2017; Singh, 2013; Singh et al, 2013; Singh et al, 2017). Geochemical studies on mantle peridotites from the NMO suggested that they are restites that went through low degree partial melting (~15%) of adiabatic process in a spreading centre (Devi & Singh, 2011; Ningthoujam, Dubey, Guillot, Fagio, & Shukla, 2012; Singh, 2009, 2013; Singh, Singh, Devi, & Singh, 2008; Soibam, Khuman, & Subhamenon, 2015).…”

New Occurrence of Pyroxenites in the Veria-Naousa Ophiolite (North Greece): Implications on Their Origin and Petrogenetic Evolution

“…It is believed that the slowly cooling, unzoned minerals are indicative of crystallisation in a high-pressure environment [96]. The existence of highly magnesian olivine, pyroxene neoblasts and the absence of plagioclase are in line with high pressure crystallisation of basaltic melts [97]. Al contents of the clinopyroxenes and orthopyroxenes in both lithologies are compatible with formation in a SSZ regime.…”

Current and emerging analytical techniques for geochemical and geochronological studies

“…But currently with the availability of sophisticated instrumental analytical techniques, such as INAA, ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and HR-ICP-MS, these tasks have become relatively easy. Among them ICP-MS and HR-ICP-MS are most commonly used for REE determination in different kinds of rocks because of their speed, multi-element capability, high sensitivity wide linear dynamic range, fewer interferences, ease of operation and accuracy, and undoubtedly ICP-MS (including HR-ICP-MS) is the best choice (Balaram, 2019;Singh et al, 2016).…”