“…A number of techniques have been reported for the generation of BNBs including single nanobubble electrolysis, [51][52][53][54][55] acoustic cavitation, 1,3,22 hydrodynamic cavitation, 56,57 fluidic oscillation, 58 nano-membrane filtration, 59 water-solvent mixing, 3,21,60,61 laser, 62,63 periodic pressure changes, 23 compression and decompression of gas, [64][65][66] and chemical reactions. 67 Each method has its own advantages and shortcomings.…”