“…UDSC-derived disease-specific iPSCs have already been established in cardiac diseases [ 16 ], endocrine diseases [ 41 , 42 ], abnormal hemorrhagic diseases resulting from various causes [ 43 – 45 ], aneuploidy diseases such as Down syndrome [ 46 ], neural diseases [ 47 , 48 ], muscular disorders [ 49 , 50 ], fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva [ 51 , 52 ], systemic lupus erythematosus [ 53 ], cryptorchidism [ 54 ], hypercholesterolemia [ 55 ], paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia [ 56 ], and so on ( Table 1 ). After successful reprogramming and characterization, differentiation experiments are essential, since most of disease phenotypes are usually observed in lineage-committed cells after in vitro differentiation rather than being observed in the iPSCs.…”