Generation and detection of Terahertz radiation by field effect transistors

Dyakonov, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2010.05.003

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…(14a) and generally, it should be corrected by introducing the power and frequency dependent factors 27,28 (see Eqs. (4) and (6)). …”

Section: Broadband Detection Model and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…2,3 At room temperature, plasma waves are overdamped and THz radiation leads only to a density perturbation that decays exponentially with the distance from the source with the characteristic length L eff that is typically on the order of a few tens of nanometers. 4 A more detailed description of the physical mechanism of THz detection by FETs can be found in Ref. 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear photoresponse of field effect transistors terahertz detectors at high irradiation intensities

But

Drexler

Sakhno

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…(14a) and generally, it should be corrected by introducing the power and frequency dependent factors 27,28 (see Eqs. (4) and (6)). …”

Section: Broadband Detection Model and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear photoresponse of field effect transistors terahertz detectors at high irradiation intensities

But

Drexler

Sakhno

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The macroscopic theory explains how the plasmon spectrum depends on the space dimensionality of the electron system [17] which the many-body approach tends to obscure. In the long-wavelength limit the density gradient term of Eq.…”

Section: Spectrum Of Plasma Oscillationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and plasma oscillations in an electron gas in the hydrodynamic approximation

Kolomeisky

Straley

2017

Phys. Rev. B

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A hydrodynamic theory of screening in a generic electron gas of arbitrary dimensionality is given that encompasses all previously studied cases and clarifies the predictions of the many-body approach. We find that long-wavelength plasma oscillations are classical phenomena with quantummechanical effects playing no explicit role. The character of the oscillations is solely dictated by the dimensionality of the electron system and its equation of state in the neutral limit. Materials whose excitations are described by the Dirac dispersion law -such as doped graphene or a Weyl semimetal -are no exception to this rule. I. MOTIVATIONAn interacting electron gas in the presence of a uniform positively charged background (the jellium model) is one of the paradigms that has shaped our understanding of the physics of bulk metals, doped semiconductors [1][2][3] and of various two-dimensional systems [4]. It provides a reasonable approximation to real materials, correctly describing the ground-state properties, screening, and the excitation spectrum. In the long-wavelength limit, the excitations have the character of classical plasma oscillations [5], implying that their long-wavelength properties can be derived from a macroscopic theory [6].In the usual electron gases the excitation energy is quadratic in the wave vector (E(q) = 2 q 2 /2m, where q = |q| and m is the effective electron mass). For graphene, however, the low energy excitations obey the Dirac dispersion lawwhere v F ≈ c/300 is the limiting (Fermi) velocity [7]. There also are three-dimensional "Weyl materials" that exhibit this dispersion relation [8].The idea that long-wavelength plasmons correspond to classical plasma oscillations is challenged by the example of graphene: while the functional dependence of the plasma frequency on the wave vector Ω(q) agrees with classical expectations, the spectrum features an explicit dependence on Planck's constant and a non-classical dependence of the plasma frequency on doping [9]. Nonclassical behavior is also predicted whenever the excitations obey Eq.(1), implying that the plasma oscillations of a Dirac plasma (system of electrons or holes obeying the dispersion law (1) in the presence of neutralizing background) can only be understood as a quantum effect, even in the long wavelength limit [10].In this paper we will resolve the conceptual puzzle of non-classical behavior discovered in Refs. [9,10]. Despite the appearance of in the plasma frequency and the non-classical dependence on doping, the long-wavelength properties of plasma oscillations will be derived from hydrodynamics; the microscopic nature of the electron plasma only enters through the material parameters of the theory.Our analysis is modeled after Bloch's hydrodynamic generalization of the semiclassical Thomas-Fermi (TF) model of a neutral atom [11]. The application Bloch specifically had in mind was to explain the stopping power. Later Bloch's equations were employed to describe a small metal particle represented by an electron gas confined within a sph...

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“…At room tem− perature, where our experiments were done, wt £ 1, (w = 2pf is the radiation frequency, t is the momentum re− laxation time), which corresponds to the regime of a broad− band non resonant detection. At low intensities the photo− response is proportional to the radiation intensity [8,9] and can be given by Ref. 10…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%