Generalized or Abdominal Obesity: Which One Better Identifies Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Children and Adolescents? The CASPIAN III Study

Ataie‐Jafari, Asal; Heshmat, Ramin; Kelishadi, Roya; Ardalan, Gelayol; Mahmoudarabi, Minoosadat; Rezapoor, Aziz; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeil; Asayesh, Hamid; Larijani, Bagher; Qorbani, Mostafa

doi:10.1093/tropej/fmu033

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There appears to be a direct correlation between BMI and the prevalence of MetS, as MetS is higher among overweight and obese children [31,32,34,35,37,39,41,43,[47][48][49]52]. The prevalence of MetS ranges from 10% [49] up to 57.4% [37] among obese children and adolescents and the prevalence increases with BMI [32,35,39,49,55,56].…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome—a critical look on the discrepancies between definitions and its clinical importance

et al. 2020

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Introduction The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) describes the clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors—including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, high levels of triglycerides, and low levels of high-density lipoproteins—that increase the risk for developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, a generally accepted definition of MetS in pediatric patients is still lacking. Objectives The aim was to summarize current prevalence data of childhood MetS as well as to discuss the continuing disagreement between different pediatric definitions and the clinical importance of such diagnosis. Methodology A systematic literature search on the prevalence of pediatric MetS was conducted. Articles that were published during the past 5 years (2014–2019), using at least one of four predetermined classifications (International Diabetes Federation, Cook et al., Ford et al., and de Ferranti et al.), were included. Results The search resulted in 1167 articles, of which 31 publications met all inclusion criteria. Discussion The prevalence of MetS ranged between 0.3 and 26.4%, whereby the rising number of children and adolescents with MetS partly depended on the definition used. The IDF definition generally provided the lowest prevalences (0.3–9.5%), whereas the classification of de Ferranti et al. yielded the highest (4.0–26.4%). In order to develop a more valid definition, further research on long-term consequences of childhood risk factors such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is needed. There is also a temptation to suggest one valid, globally accepted definition of metabolic syndrome for pediatric populations but we believe that it is more appropriate to suggest definitions of MetS that are specific to males vs. females, as well as being specific to race/ethnicity or geographic region. Finally, while this notion of definitions of MetS specific to certain subgroups is important, it still needs to be tested in future research.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome—a critical look on the discrepancies between definitions and its clinical importance

et al. 2020

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“…Hence, the association between general obesity and AO with cardiometabolic risk factors is different [35]. The excessive amount of visceral adipose tissue plays a role in the development of several metabolic disorders in pediatric population [36].…”

Section: Abdominal Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…General obesity is strongly associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia in youth [60]. Several studies show an association between AO and abnormal lipid profile in children and adolescents [11,35,58,[61][62][63][64][65][66], especially associated with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and hypertriglyceridemia at all ages [67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Lipid Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, are we aware of their relevance?

Forkert

Rendo-Urteaga

Nascimento-Ferreira

et al. 2016

Nutrire

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Obesity prevalence has increased worldwide over the last decades and has reached alarming rates in low middleincome countries. Childhood has been affected by this epidemic, leading to premature dramatic health problems. Adipose tissue is currently considered as an endocrine organ modulating an inflammatory state and important metabolic processes (insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance) leading to consequences of the cardiovascular system. This situation may be worst if the excess of body fat distribution such as abdominal obesity (AO) is involved because it is associated with a more atherogenic risk profile determining the cardiometabolic risks mainly in children and adolescents. Hence, the knowledge regarding the association between AO and cardiometabolic factors aims to prevent and treat the obesity in this young population, avoiding early harmful consequences of adulthood health.

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“…In children and adolescents, a direct relationship between obesity and the prevalence of MetS has been reported (11,12); however, data about phenotypes of obesity and metabolic phenotype is rather limited. Therefore the main objective of this study is to find Prevalence of different phenotypes of obesity and different metabolic phenotypes of obesity in a large nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of different metabolic phenotypes of obesity in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN V study

Heshmat

Hemati

Payab

et al. 2018

J Diabetes Metab Disord

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Background Pediatric metabolic disorders are a major health problem. The prevalence of child and adolescent metabolic disorders particularly obesity has globally shown a growing pattern. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of different metabolic phenotypes of obesity in children and adolescents. Methods This multi-centric cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 in 30 provinces of Iran. Participants consisted of 4200 school students aged 7-18 years, studied in a national school-based surveillance program (CASPIAN-V) in Iran. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity was defined according to ATP III and WHO criteria respectively. Subjects were classified into four different metabolic phenotypes of obesity; metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically non-healthy non-obese (MNHNO) and metabolically non-healthy obese (MNHO). Moreover students were classified in four different phenotypes of obesity; normal; only abdominal obesity (AO), only generalized obesity (GO) and combined obesity (CO).

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Generalized or Abdominal Obesity: Which One Better Identifies Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Children and Adolescents? The CASPIAN III Study

Abstract: Combined type of generalized and abdominal obesity is a predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors.

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

The prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome—a critical look on the discrepancies between definitions and its clinical importance

The prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome—a critical look on the discrepancies between definitions and its clinical importance

Abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, are we aware of their relevance?

Prevalence of different metabolic phenotypes of obesity in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN V study

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