General Doping Chemistry of Carbon Materials

Abstract

Carbon has an extraordinary ability to bind with itself and other elements, resulting in unique structures for a wide range of applications. Recently, intensive research has been focused on the properties of carbon‐based materials (CBMs) and on increasing their performance by doping them with metals and non‐metallic elements. While materials with excellent performance have been experimentally achieved, a fundamental knowledge of the relationship between the electronic, physical, and electrochemical properties and their structural features, particularly the chemistry of carbon‐based materials remains a top challenge. This review begins with the doping chemistries of CBMs, covering the role of electron affinity, orbital chemistry, the chemistry of band gap, conductivity, bonding type, spin redistribution, and conducting relevant comparisons. These will lead to providing an in‐depth understanding of the overall picture in the CBMs doping chemistry particularly as catalysts. The future research prospects and challenges for doped CBMs are highlighted.

Borocarbonitride‐Based Emerging Materials for Supercapacitor Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

“…The doping helps to change the electronic structure of each other and thereby improves the electrochemical activity. [ 154 ] For the first time, Liu et al prepared a fluorine (F) doped‐BCN porous BCN aerogel for supercapacitor application. This F doping helps promote the charge redistribution between adjacent carbon atoms and produces high electronegativity, enhancing BCN's electrochemical stability and activity ( Table 10 ).…”

Tridoped Mesoporous Carbon as a Metal-Free Catalyst for Ammoxidation of (Hetero)Aromatic Alcohols to Nitriles

“…Co-doped and multidoped carbon with different electronegative heteroatoms can further enhance the catalytic performance by a synergic effect. ,, Based on this, we developed Se-, P-, and N-tridoped carbon nanomaterials from the biomass of agriculture residues, which are expected to modify the surface electron distribution of carbon materials from the different electronegativity. The tridoped carbon catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the direct ammoxidation of alcohols to nitriles using NH 3 ·H 2 O as the nitrogen source and molecular oxygen as the oxidant (Scheme ), which was contributed by the synergistic effect of the tridoped heteroatoms, notably structure (hierarchical pore and defects), and surface electron redistribution.…”

Structural, Electronic, and Opto-Electronic Properties for BiVS4 Photocatalyst Effort on Wastewater Treatment with Comparison a Standard Photocatalyst BiVO4 through the First Principles

“…In these cases, some semiconductor-based metal oxides represent ideal catalysts for solar-driven hydrogen production and other photocatalytic relevance due to their low cost and high stability in aqueous solution even any kind of ambivalence situation of any environment (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Regarding that case, the BiVO 4 is a well-examined photocatalyst but there are a few limitations, such as wide band gap, low stability, low adsorption capacity, less than 5% UV light irradiation (10)(11)(12), and small surface area capacity (13)(14). In view of the surface area concerns, the Oxygen atom has replaced and designed the BiVS 4 to examine the computational data (13,15).…”