General Characteristics, Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy of Lippia sidoides

Abstract

Lippia sidoides Cham. is a plant that belongs to the family Verbenaceae and is commonly known as “alecrim-pimenta”. It was first found in northeastern Brazil, where it is extensively used in traditional medicine. Many studies have been made with the essential oil of L. sidoides, which has a high content of the isomeric compounds thymol and carvacrol. L. sidoides extracts, and particularly the essential oil extracted from its aerial parts, have shown many biological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal. Given the great biological potentialities of L. sidoides and the amount of recent studies about this plant, the present study aimed to make a survey of its general attributes, cultivation methods, chemical characterization of its extracts and essential oil, as well as its different biological activities.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil of Lippia sidoides against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from food

“…The occurrence of thymol (79.7%) as the major constituent of EOLS observed in the present study (Table 1) is in accordance with literature reports (Guimarães et al, 2015). In this context, thymol (2isopropyl-5-methylphenol) is considered the main monoterpene phenol in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Verbenaceae family, including L. sidoides (Marchese et al, 2016).…”

Carvacrol and human health: A comprehensive review

“…Botelho et al () investigated the antibacterial activity of the Lippia sidoides EO and its major compounds (TH and CV; Guimarães, da Silva, Reis, Costa, & Alves, ), using four strains of cariogenic bacteria ( Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguinis , Streptococcus salivarius , and Streptococcus mitis ) and one yeast strain ( Candida albicans ), indicating strong antibacterial and antifungal activity. This was the first report supporting antimicrobial activity of this EO and its constituents against oral pathogens; in particular, the yeast C. albicans , frequently associated with infections in HIV(+) patients, and S. mutans were the most sensitive among all tested microorganisms (Botelho et al, ).…”

Prospection of Enzyme Modulators in Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Lippia sidoides Leaves: Genotoxicity, Digestion, Inflammation, and Hemostasis

“…However, part of the activities described in literature for plant extracts are attributed the antioxidant properties, also observed in the ethanolic extract of L. sidoides. [10] Due to their diverse health benefits, such as antioxidants, anticoagulants, immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic, [2,11,12] the phenolic compounds have been the focus of numerous researches, especially for the treatment and prevention of cancer, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.…”

“…The lipase activity was determined according to Souza et al, [57] using 8 mmol L À 1 p-nitrophenyl palmitate in a 0.05 mmol L À 1 Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, containing 0.5 % Triton X-100, as substrate. In the assay, the extracts and the lipase enzyme were incubated in a water bath, at 37°C, for four different time periods (10,20,30, and 40 minutes). After the incubation, the substrate was added.…”

“…The trypsin activity was determined according to the methodology described by Erlanger et al [58] Thus, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts and the trypsin were incubated in a water bath at 37°C, for different time periods (10,20,30, and 40 minutes). Only then, the pbenzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) substrate, prepared in 0.05 mol L À 1 Tris, pH 8.2, was added.…”