Gender differences in the usage of resources in the entrepreneurial opportunity identification process in Slovenia and Croatia

Abstract

While entrepreneurship research is usually focused on early-stage or established entrepreneurship, in this article we are taking a step back to earlier stages in the entrepreneurial process and focus on the opportunity identification and resources that might support it. The article provides a clearer insight into the extent of resources possessed by adults in Slovenia and Croatia, into gender differences in the opportunity identification process and the usage of resources within this process. Our research shows that women possess on average lower levels of resources, which explain their lower opportunity identification prevalence. Results show that the increase in resources, especially in the area of human capital consisting of skills, knowledge and experiences for entrepreneurship, has a significant and positive effect on opportunity identification among women.

Comparative analysis of self-employment intentions among university students in four Central and Eastern European countries

“…With regard to socio-economic conditions and their relation to self-employment, Kedmenec et al (2014), as well as Douglas and Shepherd (2000) The level of intention of a single individual is found to be mainly reliant on two factors: perceived personal…”

“…Positive experience in entrepreneurship among close relatives and friends, positively contributes to a person's entrepreneurial intention. Kedmenec et al (2014) argue that experience and role models help individuals to recognize more business opportunities.…”

“…Another valuable information, with respect to gender, is that women became self-employed at an older age in comparison to men, and they show a lower level of selfconfidence regarding their self-employment. Kedmenec et al (2014) found that in Slovenia and Croatia, men identify business opportunities more often than women, and men are more convinced in their ability to start a business. Nabi et al (2010) also found that male students have more positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship.…”

Measuring factors influencing entrepreneurial intention across gender in India: evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Database

“…The most important contribution that cognitive science offers to the entrepreneurship research is that we apprehend reality not directly, but through multiple perceptual lenses at different levels of interventionindividual, context and environment and society (Grégoire et al, 2011;Rantanen and Toikko, 2017;Dileo and García Pereiro, 2019). Empirical evidence indicates that launching a successful venture requires a potential entrepreneur to have the necessary entrepreneurial skills, knowledge and experiences (Kedmenec et al, 2014;Elnadi and Gheith, 2021;; a role model and motivation from successful entrepreneurs (Cinar et al, 2018;Choukir et al, 2019;Nowi nski et al, 2019;Amofah and Saladrigues, 2022); and less fear of failure (Cacciotti et al, 2016;Hassan et al, 2021;Sendra-Pons et al, Besides cognitive perceptions, it is important to consider the perceptions of economic opportunities, which can also be influencing entrepreneurial intention (Yasir et al, 2017;Dubey and Sahu, 2022;Kong and Kim, 2022). The growing viability of entrepreneurship from an economic standpoint, and as an individual career option, has recently generated a vast amount of research (Barnir et al, 2011).…”

Port Business Development: Digitalisation of Port Authority and Hybrid Governance Model

“…Personality is an attribute studied from the stream of psychology, and is similar to alertness . Personality includes attributes like efficacy, attitude towards risk averse, independent thinking, consciousness of surrounding, and attitude towards control and creativity Baron, 2007;Kedmenec et al, 2014). Personality consists of efficacy (Tominc & Rebernik, 2007) risk taking mentality (Baron, 2007;Foo, 2011), setting higher goals (Kickul et al, 2009;Kickul & Gundry, 2002;Kickul & Lyons, 2020;Wood & Pearson, 2009) and seeing the bigger picture rather than the possibility of failure (Baron, 2006;Foo, 2011).…”