This study aims at identifying the factors affecting individuals in establishing start‐ups in India using the theory of planned behavior based on the Adult Population Survey (APS) of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) of 2016. Out of 3,400 individuals surveyed, 26.5% have reported new start‐up efforts and 8.3% reported start‐up ownership. Attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have significant effects on establishing start‐ups in the country. The findings of the study support the application of the theory of planned behavior in the Indian context and provide practical policy implications of these results for strengthening start‐up efforts in the country through various public and private initiatives. This study provides a clear mapping of potential individuals who are the most likely to start a business on the one hand and identification of factors, which may affect the start‐up intention on the other.
Purpose
This paper aims at measuring the factors such as cognitive, economic and social recognition affecting entrepreneurial intention across gender in India.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on the Adult Population Survey of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor covering 4,000 respondents on their characteristics, perception and attitude toward entrepreneurship and intention of individuals for starting businesses. The data has been analyzed using chi-square statistics and logistics regression.
Findings
The relationship among the perceptions toward cognitive, economic and social recognition indicates variation across gender. The probability of becoming entrepreneurs among males and females is significantly influenced by a variety of factors such as cognitive (self-efficacy, knowledge about entrepreneurs and fear of failure), economic (perceived opportunity, career choice and easy to start) and social recognition (sense of equality, status and respect in the society and social welfare) with controlling effect of age, family size, education, working status and household income.
Practical implications
This paper provides insights on factors affecting entrepreneurial intention across gender and helps in developing a policy framework for promoting new ventures among male and female entrepreneurs. This paper also explores the possibility of future research on entrepreneurial intention in the Indian context.
Originality/value
Considering the current focus of the government in the country for promoting new ventures through various schemes, this piece of research can be valuable for various stakeholders for adopting a gender-based approach in implementing entrepreneurial initiatives in the emerging economies.
Purpose
This paper aims at examining the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention (EI) among the rural adult population in India using the social cognitive theory (SCT).
Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on the Adult Population Survey of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor of 2017, covering 1,397 rural respondents from India. The data has been analysed using simple techniques such as Chi-square statistics, correlation and logistics regression.
Findings
About 16% of the rural adults have reported EI in India. A significant relationship emerged between the demographics of rural adults with and without intention towards entrepreneurship. Finally, the regression model representing two components of the SCT, that is, confidence towards entrepreneurship and outcome expectations from entrepreneurship, showed a significant impact on EI among the rural population when controlled by family size and working status.
Practical implications
This paper provides insights on factors affecting EI among rural adults, which can help in developing a policy framework for promoting new ventures among rural entrepreneurs. The result of the analysis indicates that the rural population need to be imparted the necessary skills to gain confidence in entrepreneurship, which should be aligned with the outcome expectations of the entrepreneurs.
Originality/value
This piece of research can be valuable for different stakeholders in adopting inclusive entrepreneurial initiatives. Moreover, entrepreneurship in rural areas has not gained much attention among scholars, and this study is intended to provide future research motivation.
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