Gender differences in brain reserve

Perneczky, Robert; Drzezga, Alexander; Diehl‐Schmid, Janine; Li, Yi; Kurz, Alexander

doi:10.1007/s00415-007-0558-z

Cited by 76 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This difference is consistent with other reports of a sex difference in brain reserve and clinical manifestations of AD pathologic changes, 19–21 although this association remains a point of discussion. Importantly our results also showed that both smoking and increased BMI, already know to be associated with increased free radical injury in peripheral organs, 22,23 were also associated with increased CSF F 2 -isoprostanes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of Lifestyle Modifications on Age-Related Free Radical Injury to Brain

Peskind

Shofer

et al. 2014

JAMA Neurol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[2013][2014][2015][2016][2017][2018] seeks to optimize brain health as we age. Free radical injury is an important effector of molecular and cellular stress in the aging brain that derives from multiple sources.OBJECTIVE To identify potentially modifiable risk factors associated with increased markers of brain oxidative stress. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis cross-sectional, academic multicenter study consisted of 320 research volunteers (172 women) aged 21 to 100 years who were medically healthy and cognitively normal. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESFree radical injury to the brain was assessed using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) F 2 -isoprostane (F 2 -IsoP) concentrations correlated with age, sex, race, cigarette smoking, body mass index, inheritance of the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE), and CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease. RESULTSThe concentration of CSF F 2 -IsoP increased with age by approximately 3 pg/mL (approximately 10%) from age 45 to 71 years in medically healthy, cognitively normal adults (P < .001). The CSF F 2 -IsoP concentration increased by approximately more than 10% for every 5-U increase in body mass index (P < .001). Current smoking had an approximately 3-fold greater effect on CSF F 2 -IsoPs compared with age (P < .001). Women had greater mean CSF F 2 -IsoP concentrations than men at all ages after adjusting for other factors (P = .02). Neither the concentration of CSF Alzheimer disease biomarkers nor inheritance of the APOE ε4 allele was associated with the CSF F 2 -IsoP concentration in this group of medically healthy, cognitively normal adults (P > .05). The association between CSF F 2 -IsoP concentrations and race was not significant after controlling for the effect of current smoking status (P = .45). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEOur results are consistent with an age-related increase in free radical injury in the human brain and uniquely suggest that this form of injury may be greater in women than in men. Our results also highlighted 2 lifestyle modifications (ie, body mass index and smoking) that would have an even greater effect on suppressing free radical injury to the brain than would suppressing the processes of aging. These results inform efforts to achieve success in the Healthy Brain Initiative 2013-2018.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of Lifestyle Modifications on Age-Related Free Radical Injury to Brain

Peskind

Shofer

et al. 2014

JAMA Neurol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Men might be more resistant to brain pathology because they have more cognitive reserve than women. In a recent PET study, males with dementia had a greater reduction in cerebral metabolism than would be predicted based on their higher clinical function (Perneczky, Drzezga, Diehl-Schmid, Li, & Kurz, 2007). Barnes and colleagues (2005) also report that dementia pathology is more likely to be clinically expressed in women than men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Factors Associated With Delirium Severity in Older Adults With Dementia

Kolanowski

Hill

Kürüm

et al. 2014

Archives of Psychiatric Nursing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to explore potential gender differences in the relationship of dementia severity, age, APOE status, cognitive reserve and co-morbidity, (two potentially modifiable factors), to delirium severity in older adults. Baseline data from an ongoing clinical trial and a Poisson regression procedure were used in the analyses. Participants were 148 elderly individuals with dementia and delirium admitted to post-acute care. In women, delirium severity was related to dementia severity (p= 0.002) and co-morbidity moderated that effect (p=0.03). In men, education was marginally associated with delirium severity (p=0.06). Implications for research are discussed.

show abstract

“…This interesting and novel finding implies that L-CR with occupation as a proxy may be more important for women in the context of larger baseline ventricular size. Previous work examining neuropathological changes in men and women has shown similar levels of AD- and FTD-related dementia severity, despite men having significantly reduced cerebral metabolic glucose rate (an indication of greater CR) [16, 85]. Future studies may benefit from examining sex differences when studying the influence of neuroimaging biomarkers on dementia severity as moderated by dynamic CR networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Clinical dementia severity associated with ventricular size is differentially moderated by cognitive reserve in men and women

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundInterindividual differences in cognitive reserve (CR) are associated with complex and dynamic clinical phenotypes observed in cognitive impairment and dementia. We tested whether (1) CR early in life (E-CR; measured by education and IQ), (2) CR later in life (L-CR; measured by occupation), and (3) CR panel (CR-P) with the additive effects of E-CR and L-CR, act as moderating factors between baseline ventricular size and clinical dementia severity at baseline and across 2 years. We further examined whether this moderation is differentially represented by sex.MethodsWe examined a longitudinal model using patients (N = 723; mean age = 70.8 ± 9.4 years; age range = 38–90 years; females = 374) from the Sunnybrook Dementia Study. The patients represented Alzheimer’s disease (n = 439), mild cognitive impairment (n = 77), vascular cognitive impairment (n = 52), Lewy body disease (n = 30), and frontotemporal dementia (n = 125). Statistical analyses included (1) latent growth modeling to determine how clinical dementia severity changes over 2 years (measured by performance on the Dementia Rating Scale), (2) confirmatory factor analysis to establish a baseline E-CR factor, and (3) path analysis to predict dementia severity. Baseline age (continuous) and Apolipoprotein E status (ɛ4−/ɛ4+) were included as covariates.ResultsThe association between higher baseline ventricular size and dementia severity was moderated by (1) E-CR and L-CR and (2) CR-P. This association was differentially represented in men and women. Specifically, men in only the low CR-P had higher baseline clinical dementia severity with larger baseline ventricular size. However, women in the low CR-P showed the (1) highest baseline dementia severity and (2) fastest 2-year decline with larger baseline ventricular size.ConclusionsClinical dementia severity associated with ventricular size may be (1) selectively moderated by complex and additive CR networks and (2) differentially represented by sex.Trials registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01800214. Registered on 27 February 2013.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0419-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Gender differences in brain reserve

Abstract: These data suggest that the same clinical severity of dementia is associated with greater reductions in cerebral metabolism in men than in women suggesting a greater degree of brain reserve in men.

Cited by 76 publications

References 31 publications

Influence of Lifestyle Modifications on Age-Related Free Radical Injury to Brain

Influence of Lifestyle Modifications on Age-Related Free Radical Injury to Brain

Gender Differences in Factors Associated With Delirium Severity in Older Adults With Dementia

Clinical dementia severity associated with ventricular size is differentially moderated by cognitive reserve in men and women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About