Influence of Lifestyle Modifications on Age-Related Free Radical Injury to Brain

Abstract

[2013][2014][2015][2016][2017][2018] seeks to optimize brain health as we age. Free radical injury is an important effector of molecular and cellular stress in the aging brain that derives from multiple sources.OBJECTIVE To identify potentially modifiable risk factors associated with increased markers of brain oxidative stress. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis cross-sectional, academic multicenter study consisted of 320 research volunteers (172 women) aged 21 to 100 years who were medically healthy and cognitively normal. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESFree radical injury to the brain was assessed using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) F 2 -isoprostane (F 2 -IsoP) concentrations correlated with age, sex, race, cigarette smoking, body mass index, inheritance of the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE), and CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease. RESULTSThe concentration of CSF F 2 -IsoP increased with age by approximately 3 pg/mL (approximately 10%) from age 45 to 71 years in medically healthy, cognitively normal adults (P < .001). The CSF F 2 -IsoP concentration increased by approximately more than 10% for every 5-U increase in body mass index (P < .001). Current smoking had an approximately 3-fold greater effect on CSF F 2 -IsoPs compared with age (P < .001). Women had greater mean CSF F 2 -IsoP concentrations than men at all ages after adjusting for other factors (P = .02). Neither the concentration of CSF Alzheimer disease biomarkers nor inheritance of the APOE ε4 allele was associated with the CSF F 2 -IsoP concentration in this group of medically healthy, cognitively normal adults (P > .05). The association between CSF F 2 -IsoP concentrations and race was not significant after controlling for the effect of current smoking status (P = .45). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEOur results are consistent with an age-related increase in free radical injury in the human brain and uniquely suggest that this form of injury may be greater in women than in men. Our results also highlighted 2 lifestyle modifications (ie, body mass index and smoking) that would have an even greater effect on suppressing free radical injury to the brain than would suppressing the processes of aging. These results inform efforts to achieve success in the Healthy Brain Initiative 2013-2018.

Elevated plasma F2-isoprostane levels in schizophrenia

“…We found, consistent with some previous studies (Fukui et al, 2011; Khadir et al, 2015; Peskind et al, 2014; Wiener et al, 2014), that women had higher levels of F2-isoprostanes. Antioxidant effects of estrogen have been demonstrated in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which might possibly account for the gender variance (Arias-Loza et al, 2013; Vassalle et al, 2012).…”

“…In the general population, oxidative stress is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (Keaney et al, 2003; Vincent and Taylor, 2006), cigarette smoking (Bachi et al, 1996; Morrow et al, 1995), alcohol use (Meagher et al, 1999), and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (Basu, 2008; Davies and Roberts, 2011; Stephens et al, 2009). In some studies, oxidative stress differed between men and women, with greater oxidative stress being found in women (Fukui et al, 2011; Khadir et al, 2015; Peskind et al, 2014; Wiener et al, 2014). Three of these studies found significant gender differences that persisted when controlling for BMI or abdominal adiposity (Fukui et al, 2011; Khadir et al, 2015; Peskind et al, 2014).…”

“…In some studies, oxidative stress differed between men and women, with greater oxidative stress being found in women (Fukui et al, 2011; Khadir et al, 2015; Peskind et al, 2014; Wiener et al, 2014). Three of these studies found significant gender differences that persisted when controlling for BMI or abdominal adiposity (Fukui et al, 2011; Khadir et al, 2015; Peskind et al, 2014). One study reported that both gender and BMI seemed to be equally significant contributors to oxidative stress (Keaney et al, 2003).…”

Associations between CSF cortisol and CSF norepinephrine in cognitively normal controls and patients with amnestic MCI and AD dementia

“…We analyzed CSF samples and data from an existing CSF repository from an academic multicenter study. Study procedures pertaining to this repository and multicenter study have been previously described . The sites involved were the University of Washington, University of California, San Diego, Oregon Health and Science University, University of Pennsylvania, Indiana University, and University of California, Davis.…”

Relação entre a formação de radicais livres e a doença de alzheimer: revisão sistemática

“…23 A degeneração cerebral presente em idosos ocorre pela diminuição dos campos dendríticos e atrofia principalmente do córtex frontal, 24 que podem estar relacionadas com o acúmulo de alumínio nessa região cortical durante o envelhecimento e consequentes níveis elevados de lipofuscina, que apresenta propriedades citotóxicas, 25 além de diminuição da expressão dos genes das caspases 3 e 9, provavelmente relacionados com a ineficiência da apoptose no SNC e posteriores deformações cerebrais. 24 …”