Gate-Variable Light Absorption and Emission in a Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube

Steiner, M.; Freitag, Marcus; Perebeinos, Vasili; Naumov, Anton V.; Small, Joshua P.; Bol, Ageeth A.; Avouris, Phaedon

doi:10.1021/nl9016804

Cited by 60 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Electron-electron interactions can be greatly enhanced in one dimension. Two types of interactions between doped carriers and excitons were well known to affect excitonic resonances in nanotubes: dielectric screening 26,27 and formation of trion states 28 . Trions will lead to a new optical resonance 28 , which we do not observe in the higher subband transitions.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-throughput optical imaging and spectroscopy of individual carbon nanotubes in devices

et al. 2013

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* These two authors contribute equally to this work 2 Two paramount challenges in carbon nanotube research are achieving chiralitycontrolled synthesis and understanding chirality-dependent device physics 1-7 . Highthroughput and in-situ chirality and electronic structural characterization of individual carbon nanotubes is crucial for addressing these challenges. Optical imaging and spectroscopy has unparalleled throughput and specificity 8-14 , but its realization for single nanotubes on substrates or in devices has long been an outstanding challenge.Here we demonstrate video-rate imaging and in-situ spectroscopy of individual carbon nanotubes on various substrates and in functional devices using a novel high-contrast polarization-based optical microscopy. Our technique enables the complete chirality profiling of hundreds of as-grown carbon nanotubes. In addition, we in-situ monitor nanotube electronic structure in active field-effect devices, and observe that high-order nanotube optical resonances are dramatically broadened by electrostatic doping. This unexpected behaviour points to strong interband electron-electron scattering processes that can dominate ultrafast dynamics of excited states in carbon nanotubes.3 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) comprise a large family of tubular carbon structures characterized by different chiral indices (n, m), each having distinct electronic structure and physical properties 1 . They are promising materials for next generation nanoelectronic and nano-photonic devices, including field-effect transistors, light emitters and photocurrent/photovoltaics device [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Currently nanotube research faces two outstanding challenges: (1) achieving chirality-controlled nanotube growth and (2) understanding chirality-dependent nanotube device physics. Addressing these challenges requires, respectively, high-throughput determination of nanotube chirality distribution on growth substrates and in-situ characterization of nanotube electronic structure in operating devices.Direct optical imaging and spectroscopy is well suited for these goals [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] , but its realization for single nanotubes on substrates or in devices has been an outstanding challenge due to small nanotube signal and unavoidable environment background. Here we demonstrate for the first time high-throughput real-time optical imaging and broadband spectroscopy of individual nanotubes in devices using a polarization-based microscopy combined with supercontinuum laser illumination. Our technique is generally applicable to semiconducting and metallic nanotubes in various configurations, such as on (transparent or opaque) substrates, between contact electrodes, and under top gates. This is in contrast to strong constraints limiting other prevailing single-tube spectroscopy techniques: single-tube fluorescence spectroscopy only works for isolated semiconducting nanotubes 8 ; Rayleigh scattering requires nanotubes suspended or oil-immersed on transparent substrate 9-12 ; and resonant Ra...

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High-throughput optical imaging and spectroscopy of individual carbon nanotubes in devices

et al. 2013

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“…One, from the viewpoint of nanoscale physics and their applications in the next generation nano-optoelectronic devices [1,2] ranging from photon generation [3,4], and from nanoscale integrated photonic detectors [5]. Combined with plasmonics, these one-dimensional systems offer a potential technological solution to interface near-field optics and nano-electronics in the pursuit to establish a controlled optical exchange.…”

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confidence: 99%

In-plane remote photoluminescence excitation of carbon nanotube by propagating surface plasmon

et al. 2012

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In this work, we demonstrate propagating surface plasmon polariton (SPP) coupled photoluminescence (PL) excitation of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT). SPPs were launched at a few micrometers from individually marked SWNT, and plasmon-coupled PL was recorded to determine the efficiency of this remote in-plane addressing scheme. The efficiency depends upon the following factors: (i) longitudinal and transverse distances between the SPP launching site and the location of the SWNT and (ii) orientation of the SWNT with respect to the plasmon propagation wave vector (k SPP ). Our experiment explores the possible integration of carbon nanotubes as a plasmon sensor in plasmonic and nanophotonic devices. [8,10,11], and large optical gain [12] create a strong motivation to explore the integration of SWNT optical properties in a plasmonic platform.In this Letter, we report on remote in-plane photoluminescence (PL) excitation of individual SWNT by propagating SPPs in metal thin film strip waveguides. Our experiment provides critical information on the coupling properties between a propagating surface plasmon mode and electronic resonances of an individual SWNT.High pressure carbon monoxide (HiPCO) synthesized SWNTs were dispersed in a 1% wt. sodium dodecyl sulfate solution by sonication and were subsequently processed by centrifugation [8]. The nanotubes used in our experiment range in diameter between 0.7-1.2 nm. Nanotubes were randomly deposited on top of plasmonic waveguides by spin coating. The strip waveguides were fabricated by standard electron-beam lithography and lift-off processes on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated cover glass slips. The structure consists of Au strips of varying length (∼10-30 μm), with a width of 5 μm and a thickness of 35 nm.

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“…1(b)]. These investigations complement studies of gate-dependent Raman [13,14,27,28,41] and photoluminescence [13,37] spectroscopy of air-suspended nanotubes, gate-dependent Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy of individual nanotubes on substrates [52], and chemically-carrier-doped nanotubes [38,44,[47][48][49]51,53,57,61,62] showing spectral features attributed to formation of charged excitons (trions) [38]. We present all the Rayleigh spectra corrected for the ω 3 scattering efficiency factor to reflect directly the optical susceptibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Excitons in nanotubes are therefore highly stable at room temperature, unlike the case for conventional semiconductor quantum wires. Additionally, one can tune the carrier density and Fermi energy in nanotubes widely by means of electrostatic gating [10][11][12][13][14]. Nanotubes thus offer an ideal platform for the fundamental studies of the many-body interactions and their impact on the optical spectra of photoexcited quasi-1D systems [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanotubes thus offer an ideal platform for the fundamental studies of the many-body interactions and their impact on the optical spectra of photoexcited quasi-1D systems [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Knowledge of the underlying optical response of nanotubes under carrier doping is also of great importance for the * miyauchi@iae.kyoto-u.ac.jp † tony.heinz@columbia.edu development of electrically tunable optoelectronic devices [11][12][13]56,59] that operate at room temperature and on the nanometer length scale. For a complete understanding of the impact of many-body electronic correlation effects on the optical response, it is highly desirable to observe broadband optical response of clean and isolated 1D nanostructures over a wide range of free-carrier densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable electronic correlation effects in nanotube-light interactions

et al. 2015

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Electronic many-body correlation effects in one-dimensional (1D) systems such as carbon nanotubes have been predicted to strongly modify the nature of photoexcited states. Here we directly probe this effect using broadband elastic light scattering from individual suspended carbon nanotubes under electrostatic gating conditions. We observe significant shifts in optical transition energies, as well as line broadening, as the carrier density is increased. The results demonstrate the role of screening of many-body electronic interactions on the different length scales, a feature inherent to quasi-1D systems. Our findings further demonstrate the possibility of electrical tuning of optical transitions and provide a basis for understanding of various optical phenomena in carbon nanotubes and other quasi-1D systems in the presence of charge carrier doping.

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Gate-Variable Light Absorption and Emission in a Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube

Cited by 60 publications

References 45 publications

High-throughput optical imaging and spectroscopy of individual carbon nanotubes in devices

High-throughput optical imaging and spectroscopy of individual carbon nanotubes in devices

In-plane remote photoluminescence excitation of carbon nanotube by propagating surface plasmon

Tunable electronic correlation effects in nanotube-light interactions

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