Gastro-Protective and Anti-Oxidant Potential of Althaea officinalis and Solanum nigrum on Pyloric Ligation/Indomethacin-Induced Ulceration in Rats

Abstract

Recently, an alternative disease treatment approach is the research of medicaments from traditional medicine. Plants with anti-oxidant capabilities are used as herbal treatments for ulcer diseases. Medicinal/herbal extracts containing phytoconstituents have significant anti-ulcer activities in in vivo experiments on animal models, compared to reference drugs. The current study aims to inspect gastro-protective as well as in vitro and in vivo anti-oxidant potential of Althaea officinalis and Solanum nigrum extracts on pyloric-ligation/indomethacin-induced gastric-ulceration in rats. Rats were divided into six groups: normal control, gastric ulcer control, two standard pretreatment groups receiving omeprazole and misoprostol, and two test pretreatment groups receiving Althaea officinalis and Solanum nigrum. Pretreatments were administrated orally for 14 days. On the 15th day, animals, excluding the normal control group, were exposed to pyloric-ligation followed by indomethacin injection. After four hours, the rat’s stomachs were removed and gastric juice and blood samples were collected. Pyloric-ligation/indomethacin administration caused considerable elevation in ulcer number, ulcer index, acid and pepsin productivity, aggressive factors, and gastric mucosal lipid-peroxide contents. Moreover, reduction in titratable acidity, gastric mucosal nitric-oxide, anti-oxidant contents, and protective factors accompanied gastric-ulceration. Additionally, elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines content and reduction in cystathionine-β-synthase and heme-oxygenase-1 expression was witnessed. Omeprazole, misoprostol, Althaea officinalis, and Solanum nigrum pretreatments fixed blood and tissue biomarkers, thereby protecting them from pyloric-ligation/indomethacin-induced gastric-ulceration in rats, which is hopeful for clinical examinations.

Study of the Potential Antiulcerous Action of Hydroalcoholic Extracts From Prunella Vulgaris L. Of Romanian Origin

“…In this case, the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the ability to re-epithelialize are more important than the amount of protective mucus, the formation of which is prostaglandin dependent. Evidence on the protective mechanisms of phytocompounds on ulcerative lesions has been provided by De Araújo R et al by immune-histochemical determinations; thus, ethanol, or NSAIDs-induced ulcers are characterized by increased expression in the gastric mucosa of the nuclear factor kappa B-p65 (NF-kB-p65) and of nitric oxide synthase inducible in response to aggression (iNOS); the severity of the lesion can be quantified using as a marker protein ZO-1 (Zone Occludes-1) characteristic of the tight junctions of the intact epithelium; the efficacy of the treatment is correlated with the tissue level of the up-regulation of ZO-1 and of the down-regulation of iNOS and NF-kB-p65; the authors also describe reduced levels of tumour necrosis factor, and of proinflammatory cytokines -TNF, and interleukin 1 (IL-1) [13], data are also confirmed by Zaghlool SS et al and Carrasco-Pozo C et al [12,55]. Mechanisms of action attributed to polyphenols in gastric ulcer lesions are presented in Figure 5.…”

Gastro-Protective Effects of Albizia anthelmintica Leaf Extract on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Wistar Rats: In Silico and In Vivo Studies

“…Flavonoids, among them the specific inhibitor naringenin, showed promising inhibition activities against histidine decarboxylase, and therefore, decreased gastric mucosal histamine content [ 11 , 26 ]. In this regard and to explore the molecular mechanism by which the studied plant alleviates the deleterious effects of indomethacin, we virtually screened the possible interactions between the phytoconstituents of the extract and the binding site of the enzyme.…”

“…The latter facilitates the microproteins’ precipitation on the ulcer site, forming a layer over the lining that prevents gastric secretions and protects the mucosa from harmful substances and elements [ 29 ]. Antioxidant secondary metabolites, among them flavonoids, prevent the formation of gastric lesions caused by ulcerogens and necrotic agents [ 11 , 12 ].…”

“…In this regard, natural secondary plant metabolites could offer safer alternatives. Discovery of new drug candidates processing anti-secretory and antioxidant properties could have an augmented ripple effect in treating PUD [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Gastroprotective and Healing Effects of Polygonum cuspidatum Root on Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

“…Depletion of cellular GSH levels, as well as reduced SOD and CAT activities, impedes recovery shortly after EtOH-induced gastric oxidative injury [38][39][40]. Increases in SOD, GSH, and CAT levels of the gastric tissues contribute to gastroprotection against indomethacin and to the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric mucosal injury [41][42][43]. Resveratrol, a main active component of P. cuspidatum, has been reported to produce gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects in EtOH-and acetic acid-induced ulcer models, respectively, by augmenting SOD, GSH, and CAT levels [21,22].…”