Gas Sensor Applications in Water Quality Monitoring and Maintenance

Abstract

Industrial and population expansion in the last few decades has been a critical contributor to water quality degradation. Some of the gases emanating from water treatment plants are toxic and flammable, which need to be identified, such as hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide. Water quality monitoring systems must be developed to meet legal, environmental, and social requirements. Monitoring water quality is difficult due to the variability, nature, and low concentrations of contaminants that need to be detected. The gas emanating from these treatment processes plays an essential role in water treatment, monitoring, and control. Gas sensors can be used as a safety device in the water purification process. The gas sensors receive input signals in chemical, physical, and biological stimulus and convert them into electrical signals. The gas sensors can be installed in different wastewater treatment processes. In this review, we present state-of-the-art progresses, landmark developments, and technological achievements that led to the development of gas sensors for evaluating water quality. The role of gas sensors in water quality maintenance and monitoring is discussed, and different analytes and their detection technologies and sensing materials outlining their advantages and disadvantages have been summarized. Finally, a summary and outlook for future directions of gas sensors in water quality monitoring and maintenance are provided.

Recent Advances in Nanostructured Materials for Application as Gas Sensors

“…Gas sensor technology is employed to achieve this. Electronic devices called “gas sensors” are used to measure a gas’ composition or concentration . Monitoring and regulating these gases will raise living standards, lower health problem and mortality rates, and make workplaces safer.…”

Synchronous Removal of Arsenic and Fluoride from Aqueous Solution: A Facile Approach to Fabricate Novel Functional Metallopolymer Microspheres

“…Hence, it is important to focus on the removal of arsenic and fluoride from contaminated water. Several technologies exist for the removal of toxic contaminants, such as chemical precipitation, 9 adsorptive media, 10 ion exchange, 11,12 and membrane-based removal techniques, 13,14 i.e., electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, nano-filtration, and reverse osmosis. The adsorption process is the most feasible technique due to its vital features such as high efficacy, economic viability, high throughput, simple operation and scaling up, etc.…”

“…Hence, it is important to focus on the removal of arsenic and fluoride from contaminated water. Several technologies exist for the removal of toxic contaminants, such as chemical precipitation, adsorptive media, ion exchange, , and membrane-based removal techniques, , i.e., electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, nano-filtration, and reverse osmosis. The adsorption process is the most feasible technique due to its vital features such as high efficacy, economic viability, high throughput, simple operation and scaling up, etc. , In addition, the use of the adsorption technique also offers strategic advances in terms of water requirements and energy consumption. , Hence, a wide range of materials has been used to adsorb arsenic and fluoride from water such as neem, husk, rice, coconut shell char, tulsi, peel, bone char, activated carbon, fly ash, soils, and other geo-materials such as bauxite, zeolites, limestone, and alumina. , …”

Using a Novel Algorithm Based on the Random Vector Functional Link Network and Multi-Verse Optimizer to Forecast Effluent Quality

“…For example, BOD 5 can only be obtained through laboratory tests and takes five days, which makes it challenging to meet the requirements for real-time monitoring [10]. Despite the fact that the development of sensor technology for water quality control and monitoring was motivated by challenges in the rapid and accurate identification of pollutants, it still faces issues such Sustainability 2022, 14, 8314 2 of 14 as sensitivity, stability and selectivity, high cost, and no control over interferents/effect of counter ions [11]. To address these issues, soft measurement methods are widely used to accomplish real-time measurements of several variables.…”