Gas emissions during olive mill waste composting under static pile conditions

Analysis of volatile organic compounds in compost samples: A potential tool to determine appropriate composting time

“…Here, biogenic volatile organic substances were emitted at early stage of the compost, whereas a higher amount of xenobiotic volatile organic substances such as alkanes, benzene, and so on, were emitted in late compost. The trend of different volatile compounds emission during composting were consistent with previous studies (Komilis et al, 2004;Nasini et al, 2016). Some research found that The volatile organic compounds in Table 2 are arranged by substance category.…”

“…However, many studies have shown that large amounts of harmful gases are produced during the composting process, including nitrogen-and sulfur-based compounds, volatile fatty acids, hydrocarbons, trepans, esters, ethers, alcohols, and aldehydes/ketones (Nasini et al, 2016;Smet et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2012). Volatile organic compounds have a warming potential approximately 2000 times higher than CO 2 (Nasini et al, 2016). Therefore, determining an appropriate composting time that reduces the production of harmful gases is a question worth studying and the focus of environmental protection issues.…”

“…in the entire composting process for online monitoring. There are few reports on specific compounds and the analysis of volatile organic compounds during the whole composting process (Li and Huang, 2006;Nasini et al, 2016;Shen et al, 2012;Tiquia and Tam, 1998). HS-SPME-GC-MS has strong analytical capabilities for volatile organic substances and has qualitative and quantitative analysis applications in medical (Gentili et al, 2004;Kamysek et al, 2011), environmental (Higashikawa et al, 2013;Kotowska et al, 2012;Menendez et al, 2004), agricultural (Soto et al, 2015;Sun et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2010), micro-organism (Stoppacher et al, 2010;Strobel et al, 2008), soil (Durovic et al, 2012;Eriksson et al, 2001), water Martínez et al, 2013;Morales et al, 2012), cosmetics (Ortiz and Tena, 2006;Yang et al, 2010), and food safety fields (Sang et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2015;Tait et al, 2014).…”

Heat Energy and Gas Emissions during Composting of Sewage Sludge

“…It is not only the quality of the compost itself that is important, but also the size and type of gas emissions. During the composting process, various gases are released: Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), volatile organic compounds (VOC), ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), water vapor (H 2 O), and others in smaller quantities [42][43][44]. The first five of these gases cause the greenhouse effect.…”

Long Term Amendment with Fresh and Composted Solid Olive Mill Waste on Olive Grove Affects Carbon Sequestration by Prunings, Fruits, and Soil

“…On the other hand, application of this waste material to the soil may have negative agronomical and environmental implications due to the acidic pH and the high content of potentially phytotoxic and anti-microbial compounds, such as phenols, tannins and fatty acids (Alburquerque et al, 2004). These negative aspects can be, however, partly overcome through the composting of OMW (Gigliotti et al, 2012; Nasini et al, 2016). Although, some authors reported the effect of the organic amendment derived from OMW on the olive grove productivity (Nasini et al, 2013; Palese et al, 2013; Proietti et al, 2015), and on soil physical-chemical characteristics (López-Piñeiro et al, 2011) and C sequestration (Sánchez-Monedero et al, 2008), as far as we know, no study has yet compared the impact of different forms of OMW on the productivity and on the capability to store carbon of the olive grove ecosystem.…”