Garlic (Allium sativum) exhibits a cardioprotective effect in experimental chronic renal failure rat model by reducing oxidative stress and controlling cardiac Na+/K+-ATPase activity and Ca2+ levels

Abstract

Gentamicin (GNT)-induced nephrotoxicity culminates into renal failure with a possible cardiovascular impact. Garlic extract (GE) is a cardiovascular protectant with limited mechanistic data. Therefore, we assessed the disturbance in specific cardiac parameters and the potential protective effect of GE supplementation against them in a rat model of GNT-induced chronic renal failure (CRF). Adult male rats (n = 24) were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6 each): normal controls (CON), garlic extract controls (GE; 250 mg kg, orally), GNT-induced CRF (GNT; 100 mg kg, i.p.), and GNT + GE (GNT and GE in the same previous doses) groups. GNT and GE were given daily for 3 weeks. Animals co-treated with GNT and GE exhibited improved renal functions, body weight (BW), and heart weight (HW)/BW ratio; declined blood pressure; lowered plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and total peroxides (TP); and elevated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Moreover, the heart tissue contained raised levels of TAC and Na/K-ATPase activity and lowered levels of TP and Ca. Findings provide evidence that administration of GE in experimental CRF model helped protect the heart through reducing oxidative stress and controlling cardiac Na/K-ATPase activity and Ca levels.

Cardioprotective effects of the garlic (Allium sativum) in sodium fluoride-treated rats

“…Also, reportedly, garlic extract was able to obtain the same result in isoproterenol-induced myocardial toxicity in rats (Avula, Asdaq, & Asad, 2014). The present results are inconsistent with those of some other research workers, but they use gentamicin instead of sodium fluoride (Gomaa, Abdelhafez, & Aamer, 2018). These findings indicate the onset of myocardial necrosis and the damage of the cell membrane by sodium fluoride that caused the release of these biomarkers from the heart to blood.…”

Bioactive Compounds and Biological Functions of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

“…Garlic extract had protective effects on heart rate variability and improved cardiac, as well as mitochondrial, dysfunction in insulin-resistant obese rats [86]. Moreover, garlic extract treatment ameliorated the heart tissue in a rat model of gentamicin-induced chronic renal failure and induced a reduction in oxidative stress and controlled Na + /K + -ATPase activity and Ca 2+ levels [87]. Furthermore, AGE had a dose-dependent protective effect against isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity.…”

Amelioration of renal cortex histological alterations by aqueous garlic extract in gentamicin induced renal toxicity in albino rats: a histological and immunohistochemical study

“…Additionally, because of increasing numbers of widespread chronic kidney diseases patients, scientists are challenged with finding new protecting approaches for this medical problem [23]. In the present study administration of gentamicin for 21 day was to produce a model of gentamicin-induced chronic renal failure [17].…”

“…Group IV (Gentamicin and AGE cotreated group) received both aqueous garlic extract and gentamicin [15,16]. The duration of the treatments was 21 days [17]. All animal procedures conform the standard guidelines of animal ethics committee in Assiut University.…”