Background: Excessive intake of fluoride may result in the development of cardiotixicity in the rats. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible cardioprotective effect of the garlic (G) on sodium fluoride (NaF)treated rats. Methods: Twenty-four male albino rats (100-120 g), 2 months old, were equally divided into control, NaF, G, and NaF + G groups. Group 1 was control group, the animals without any treatment. Group 2 was administrated with NaF orally (10 mg/kg BWT) daily. Group 3 received orally G alone (63 mg/kg BWT) daily. Group 4 was administrated with NaF + G at the same time (with the same previous doses) daily. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. Results: NaF significantly elevated the levels of serum creatinine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Aalanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Also, there was a significant increase in the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TAG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) fractions, and the atherogenic effect (the mean ratios of TC/LDL-c and LDL-c/ (high-density lipoprotein) HDL-c), whereas a significant decrease in HDL-c occurred in the NaF-treated group compared with the control animals. The treatment with G+NaF ameliorated all the biochemical parameters tested. Conclusion: These results indicate that garlic has a cardioprotective effect against NaF cardiotoxicity.

Excessive intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as, diclofenac sodium (DS) may lead to toxicity in the rats. In this work, we aimed to examine the protective impact of lentil extract (LE) and folic acid (FA) on the hematological markers, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal function against diclofenac sodium (DS) in male albino rats. The rats (120-150 g) were divided into four equal groups randomly, the first group kept as the untreated control. The second group was administrated with DS (11.6 mg/kg b.wt. orally once/day). The third group was received DS+FA (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+76.9 microgram/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. The fourth group was treated with DS+LE (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+500 mg/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. After four weeks, the results revealed that DS produced a significant decrease in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (HCT) and white blood cells (WBCs). On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the platelets count. Also, DS induced a renal deterioration; this was evidenced by the significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, Na, Ca, Mg as well as the nitric oxide (NO) level in the kidney tissue. Also, there were a significant reduction in the serum levels of potassium (K) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney homogenates. Moreover, the findings in the rats treated by DS+LE or DS+FA showed a potential protection on the hematological markers, oxidative stress in the kidney tissue and the renal function disturbed by DS. LE and FA could play a potent role for the prevention the adverse hematological, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal dysfunction caused by DS via their anti-oxidative and bioactive phytochemicals.

Studies have shown that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induces hepatic and renal damage arising from oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and/or soya isoflavones on CCl4 induced toxicity in male albino rat liver and kidney. For this purpose, 42 rats were divided as follows: group 1, rats serves as the control without any treatment; group 2, rats were administered a single dose of CCl4 intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg b. wt.); group 3, rats were supplemented daily with omega-300 orally (400 mg/kg b. wt.); group 4, rats were supplemented daily with pro-S orally (50 mg/kg b. wt.); group 5, rats were supplemented daily with omega-300 orally for four weeks, then after 24 hours treated with a single dose of CCl4 at the same tested doses. group 6, rats were supplemented daily with pro- S orally for four weeks, then after 24 hours treated with a single dose of CCl4 at the same tested doses; group 7, rats were supplemented daily with an oral combination of omega-300 and pro-S orally for four weeks, then after 24 hours treated with a single dose of CCl4 at the same tested doses. Results showed that CCl4 administration induces hepatic damage indicated by a significant increase in the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Aalanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes and glucose level, with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and a significant decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) level in liver tissue. Also, CCl4 toxicity induce renal damage manifested in a significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, and oxidative stress of kidney tissue reflected by increase of MDA, NO and the decrease of GSH levels. The pre-treatment with omega-3 fatty acids and/or soya isoflavones revealed ameliorative effect against deleterious effects of CCl4 toxicity on hepatic and renal tissues and all tested parameters. Results of the current study revealed also that the pre-treatment with omega-3 fatty acids and/or soya isoflavones to rats improved liver and kidney function and produced high antioxidant activity.

The present work was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the orlistat drug on some hormones and biochemical parameters in male rats received a high fat diet (HFD). Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: 1st group administered normal diet, 2 nd group administered HFD, the 3rd group administered HFD plus 9.5 mg/kg b.w./day orlistat, and the 4th group administered HFD diet plus 19 mg/kg b.w./day orlistat. The experimental period was for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were obtained for biochemical and hormonal assays. The administration of HFD for four weeks increased significantly the weight gain, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TAG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), glucose, insulin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), leptin, with the significant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), ghrelin, thyrotropin (TSH) and testosterone hormones in the serum as compared with the control group. The treatment with orlistat neutralized the levels of the measured parameters as compared with HFD fed rats and the results were correlated with the dose of orlistat. In conclusion, an improvement was observed in the biochemical and hormonal results by the treatment with orlistat drug.