Gangguan fisiologi dan biokimia Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) akibat perlakuan ekstrak campuran Tephrosia vogelli Hook. dan Piper aduncum L.

Abstract

Ekstrak tanaman dapat mempengaruhi fisiologi dan biokimia serangga yang meliputi penghambatan makan, asimilasi makanan, dan dan aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi, yaitu sitokrom b5 dan sitokrom P450. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ekstrak campuran Tephrosia vogelii : Piper aduncum (1 : 5) terhadap fisiologi Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) dan pengaruh ekstrak P. aduncum terhadap biokimia C. pavonana. Pengujian ekstrak campuran T. vogelii : P. aduncum (1 : 5) pada konsentrasi 0,06% atau setara dengan LC 95 menghambat makan larva C. pavonana hingga 94,82%. Ekstrak campuran yang diuji pada LC 25 (0,007%) dan LC 50 (0,014%) menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan relatif larva C. pavonana. Gangguan ini disebabkan oleh toksisitas intrinsik ekstrak campuran yang masuk ke dalam tubuh serangga. Selain gangguan pada pertumbuhan larva uji, juga terjadi peningkatan daya cerna serangga sebesar 11,11% sebagai bentuk adaptasi terhadap senyawa toksik tumbuhan. Adaptasi lain yang dilakukan larva C. pavonana adalah mekanisme detoksifikasi terhadap ekstrak P. aduncum. Hal ini tampak dari peningkatan aktivitas enzim oksidasi sitokrom b5 dan sitokrom P450 pada perlakuan in vivo dan in vitro jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi mengenai cara kerja ekstrak campuran T. vogelii : P. aduncum (1 : 5) pada larva C. pavonana dan mekanisme detoksifikasi larva terhadap ekstrak P. aduncum. Key words: antifeedant, asimilasi, enzim, oksidasi, sitokrom ABSTRAKPlant extracts have been known to cause physiological and biochemical interferences against insect, such as feeding inhibitor, food assimilation, and changes on activity of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P450. This study was carried out to examine the effect of the extracts mixture of Tephrosia vogeliiand : Piper aduncum (1 : 5) on the physiology of Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) as well as extract of P. aduncum on biochemical of C. pavonana. The study showed that larvae of C. pavonana was experiencing a feeding inhibition until 94.82% after treated with extracts mixture on concentration 0.06% or equivalent to LC 95 . However, larvae treated with extracts mixture on LC 25

Antifeedant Effect of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Rice Weevil

“…Also, Koul 23 argues that the antifeedant effect does not always occur after food is ingested, but it can also be due to the sensitivity of insect receptors when exposed to volatile compounds appearing from the extract. According to Lina et al 24 , active compounds in higher concentrations can be toxic so that when entering into the digestive tract, they will inhibit the performance of digestive enzymes. Moreover, essential oils are one of the secondary metabolites of plants that generally contain a mixture of volatile monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenols that play an important role in defense against insects, some of which have a role as contact poisons 25 .…”

Preliminary Valuation Activity of Calotropis gigantea L. Extracts against Several Insect Pests

“…This indicated that secondary metabolite compounds affected insects' behavioral and physiological responses. According to Lina et al (2015), secondary metabolites are classified into two major groups, namely compounds that influence behavioral responses and physiological responses. Insect feeding cessation activity and mortality within 24 hours after the application occurred with 51 percent in stopping position and 35 percent in mortality.…”

Insecticidal Activity of Piper Aduncum Fruit and Tephrosia Vogelii Leaf Mixed Formulations Against Plutella Xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

“…Researchers have found the impact in food assimilation of the insect when treated with T. vogelii and P. aduncum mixed extracts. Impact of food assimilation caused interference of a relative growth due to toxins that enter the insects body (Lina et al, 2014). There is a correlation between concentration and antifeedant activity.…”