The combination of MET and EPN was simultaneously effective to control O. rhinoceros larvae than separate use of MET or EPN. Result of this study showed that using two agents of biocontrol was more effective, so that it can be beneficial for controlling O. rhinoceros larvae in the field.
Tujuan penelitian untuk membandingkan produksi dan daya tetas telur itik lokal yang dipelihara peternak dalam dua cara berbeda, yaitu semi intensif dan ekstensif. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan klasifikasi satu arah terdiri dari 2 perlakuan, setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 15 jantan dan 120 ekor betina (nisbah perkawinan 1:8). Umur itik antara 13-14 bulan. Pencatatan jumlah produksi telur dilakukan selama tiga minggu. Telur sebanyak 300 butir diseleksi dari masing-masing perlakuan untuk ditetaskan dan diteliti fertilitas, dan daya tetasnya. Fertilitas dihitung pada hari ke 4 penetasan dengan menggunakan egg candler. Hasil pengamatan produksi telur, berat telur, fertilitas dan daya tetas dianalisis menggunakan uji beda unpaired two sample Student's t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata berat telur, fertilitas dan daya tetas tidak berbeda pada kedua sistem pemeliharaan, tetapi total produksi telur pada pemeliharaan semi intensif nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dari pada sistem ekstensif. Perbedaan total produksi telur pada kedua perlakuan sebesar 12,3%. Kesimpulannya, sistem semi intensif meningkatkan jumlah telur yang dihasilkan, tetapi tidak berbeda pada rata-rata bobot, fertilitas dan daya tetas telur.
Lack of awareness and limited information about the dangers of e-cigarettes among teenagers, especially high school students, make them assume that e-cigarettes are a safe alternative to reduce smoking habit. This can be circumvented through the development of teaching materials that are tailored to the needs of students. This study aims to develop teaching materials about the negative effects of e-cigarettes as a source of learning for high school students and analyze their validity, readability, and feasibility. This development research uses the plot of Thiagarajan et al., (1974), namely 4-D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The subjects of this research include material & media experts, students of class XI MIPA 3 and XI MIPA 4 SMAN 12 Semarang, and teachers who are members of senior high school biology teachers forum in Rembang Regency. The results showed the validation scores of material and media experts were 83% and 97.7%, respectively, with very valid criteria. Analysis of the readability of teaching materials from the results of student responses and the cloze test, respectively obtained an average score of 86.2% and 84% with very good and independent criteria. Analysis of the feasibility of teaching materials from the results of teacher responses at the senior high school biology teachers forum in Rembang, obtained an average score of 83.7% with very feasible criteria. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that teaching materials about the negative effects of e-cigarettes are valid, it has good readability, and feasible to use as a source of learning for high school students. The teaching material is expected to be able to add insight and knowledge about the negative effects of e-cigarette exposure and to contribute better in improving the quality of learning resources.
Most of Cuculidae were known as parasitic birds, and they breed depend on their hosts. The obyective of the study was to know the external characteristics of the eggs of Cuculidae and their hosts which includes several components. e.i. shell color, shape, length, diameter and egg index. Those species of Cuculidae were Cacomantis merulinus lanceolatus, Cacomantis variolus sepulcralis, Surniculus lugubris lugubris and Eudynamys scolopaceus malayanus. There were 117 item of the bird egg reference's collections in the Ornithology Laboratory, Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology, LIPI, in Cibinong, used as a research materials. Color and form the egg from every sample noted by pursuant to direct eyesight with the eye if possible and assisted with the magnifier, especially at flimsy spots egg's color. The results shown that egg size of Cuculidae groups are bigger than their host eggs. Generally, the color variation of eggs of Cuculidae and their hosts are white or bluish white and their combination like as brown and greenish. The eggs shape of Cuculidae and host are similar, namely oval with IFO value about 73 -75%. The Cuculidae family pays attention to the color, spot pattern and shape of the host's eggs in choosing the host for their own eggs. Though, there was also a tendency not to recognize the characteristic of the host's egg. The studies represent an early stage in an attempt to strive the conservation of Cuculidae the bird hosts.
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