Galanthamine production in tissue culture and metabolomic study on Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in Narcissus pseudonarcissus cv. Carlton

Optimization of Plant Production by Seed Treatment in Two Wild Subspecies of Narcissus pseudonarcissus Rich in Alkaloids

“…Many previous studies of alkaloids from the Amaryllidaceae were conducted with ornamental Narcissus cultivars e.g., [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] because of their large-scale cultivation for the ornamental plant industry. By contrast, the alkaloids present in wild populations of daffodils have been analyzed less frequently e.g., [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Recent Progress in Amaryllidaceae Biotechnology

“…Data presented in Table 1 clearly show that undifferentiated in vitro systems (callus) derived from Amaryllidacea species exhibit low biosynthetic potential with galanthamine accumulated in Narcissus ssp. from 0 to 7 µg/g [ 22 , 38 , 39 ], and higher concentrations from 10 to 13 µg/g DW were reported for L. aestivum [ 36 , 44 ]. Similar results were obtained for the biosynthesis of lycorine from undifferentiated callus cultures [ 38 , 39 , 41 , 44 ].…”

“…These low yields of the target alkaloids indicate that undifferentiated tissue cultures are inappropriate for developing successful and highly productive biotechnology for their production. As a counterpoint, differentiated plant in vitro systems of Narcissus pseudonarcissus , Narcissus tazzetta and L. aestivum ( Table 1 ) accumulated more than 30–40-fold higher concentrations of Amarillydacea alkaloids [ 22 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 44 , 56 ]. This fact leaves open many questions regarding the scale-up of cultivation processes, because the difficulties associated with bioreactor cultivation of differentiated plant in vitro systems are well known [ 57 ].…”

“…The accumulated data in scientific literature clearly show that differentiated shoot type cultures are most suitable for the biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids ( Table 1 ) [ 22 , 23 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], which creates problems with the development and optimization of cultivation systems [ 57 ]. However, enough data have recently been published about successfully developed cultivation processes based on shoots and plantlets.…”

“…Due to the increased demand for Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (mainly galanthamine) and the limited availability of plant sources, in vitro culture technology has attracted the attention of researchers as a prospective alternative for their sustainable production [ 21 ]. Plant in vitro systems have been extensively used for continuous, sustainable, and economically viable production of bioactive plant secondary metabolites [ 22 ]. A significant success has been demonstrated in the development of in vitro systems for production of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”