Fusarium mangiferae associated with mango malformation in the Sultanate of Oman

Abstract

Mango malformation, caused by Fusarium mangiferae, represents the most important floral disease of mango. The first symptoms of this disease were noticed in the beginning of 2005 in plantations at Sohar in the Sultanate of Oman. The affected inflorescences were abnormally enlarged and branched with heavy and dried-out panicles. Based on morphology and DNA-sequence data for the genes encoding translation elongation factor 1α and β-tubulin, the pathogen associated with these symptoms was identified as F. mangiferae.

Mango malformation: A fungal disease, physiological disorder or malady of stress

“…Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar and Haryana are also affected by this disease (Krishnan et al, 2009;Kumar et al, 2011 andFreeman et al, 2014). The maximum economic loss reported in India is 86% (Kumar et al, 1993 andRymbai andRajesh, 2011).As per studies, mango malformation can be defined as fungal disease of mango caused by Fusarium species leading to abnormal growth of vegetative shoots and inflorescence (Kvas et al, 2008). With the occurrence of disease, crop shows heavy damage as inflorescence fails to produce fruits.…”

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) malformation: a malady of stress ethylene origin

“…It causes 50 to 60 % economic loss every year and in severe cases it may extent up to 100 % (Misra et al 2000). After its first report at Darbhanga district (Bihar) in India by Marries (Watt 1891a, b), this malady has been spread among other mango growing countries of the world found to be like Australia (Issarakraisila et al 1997), Brazil (Flechtmann et al 1970a, b), Cuba (Padron 1983), Egypt (Attiah 1955), Israel and Mexico (Malo and McMillan 1972), Middle east (Hassan 1944), Pakistan (Khan and Khan 1960), South Africa (Schwartz 1968), Sudan (Minessey, et al 1971), United Arab Emirates (Burhan 1991), United States of America (Marasas et al 2006), Bangladesh (Meah and Khan 1992), Sultanate of Oman (Kvas et al 2008) and Southern Spain (Crespo et al 2014). As much as Indian mango industry is taken into account, the malady of malformation is of meticulous significance to north India, because the majority of the commercial mango varieties developed here are at risk to severe malformation.…”

First evidence of ethylene production byFusarium mangiferaeassociated with mango malformation

“…5 Malformation is not only well-known in India but has also been confirmed in most mango-growing countries such as Pakistan, the Middlle East, Egypt, South Africa, Brazil, Sudan, Central America, Mexico, United States, Cuba, Malaysia, Australia, Israel, UAE and Bangladesh. [6][7][8][9][10] There are several confusions in the literature to explain the nature of this malady because research efforts made up to now have not been Malformation is arguably the most crucial disease of mango (Mangifera indica L.) at present. It is receiving great attention not only because of its widespread and destructive nature but also because of its etiology and control is not absolutely understood.…”