Further Study on Dammarane-Saponins of Leaves and Stems of American Ginseng,Panax quinquefolium

Abstract

Five dammarane-saponins (tentatively named ginsenosides-A,, A2, B1, B2 and C) were previously isolated from stems and leaves of Panax quinquefolium L. (American Ginseng [1]. These saponins, A2, B1, B2 and C were also reported to be identical with root-saponins of Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER, ginsenosides-Rg, [2], Rd [3], Re [4] and Rb2 13], respectively. The saponin A,, however, was not identical with any of the known saponins of roots and leaves of P. ginseng. The purpose of this study is to identify A, and to reinvestigate the identification of saponin C.

Leaves of North American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L.: A renewable source of certain ginsenosides

“…Qualitatively, other than the results for the malonylated ginsenosides, the biggest difference between the results from earlier HPLC studies and those presented herein is the data for Rb 3 and PG-F 11 , two ginsenosides first isolated from P. quinquefolius leaves approximately 20 yr ago (Chen and Staba 1978;Chen et al 1981). Failure to report these ginsenosides in later analytical studies may have been due to the unavailability of standards.…”

“…Leaves represent another source of ginsenosides for investigational or medicinal usage, which have been largely unexploited to date. Early studies identified the major ginsenosides of P. quinquefolius leaves and stems as Rb 3 , Rd, Re, Rg 1 , and PG-F 11 (Chen and Staba 1978;Chen et al 1981). Using HPLC, Konsler et al (1990) determined levels of five individual ginsenosides (A1, Rg 1 , Rd, Re, and Rb 2 ) in leaves of 4-yr-old P. quinquefolius grown under various rates of applied lime and phosphorus and harvested in late summer before color change.…”

Discovery, semisynthesis, biological activities, and metabolism of ocotillol-type saponins

“…Tanaka and Yahara [3] and Chen et al [4] isolated and further identified new dammarane saponin PF11 ( 1 ) from dried leaves of Panax pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus , whose sapogenin was identified as (20 S ,24 R )-dammarane-20,24-epoxy-3β,6α,12β,25-tetraol, ocotillol ( 17 ).…”

Saponins of Ginseng and Related Plants

“…Furthermore, comparison of the sugar carbon signals ofPG-F 11 with those of other saponins in the data-bank showed that those ofPG-F l l were almost superimposable on those of the rx-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l ~2)-~-D glucopyranosyl unit of Re, thus leading to the formulation ofPG-F 11 as the 6-0-rx-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 ~2)-~-D-glucopyranoside of (58), the first example of a naturally occurring ocotillol type glycoside (111) (Chart 12). PG-F l l was also isolated from the leaves (116,117) and roots (86) of American Ginseng and from the rhizomes of Chinese Panax japonicus (Zhujie-shen) (104) (see Chapter VIII-l and -3).…”

“…Leaves and stems of American Ginseng furnished Rb 3 , Rd, Re, Rg i and PG-F l l in yields of 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1 and 0.1%, respectively (116,117). Since the saponin content of the stems should be very low (see Chapter VI-3, Table X), the leaves must produce these saponins in remarkably high yield.…”