Leaves of North American ginseng, <i>Panax quinquefolius</i> L.: A renewable source of certain ginsenosides

Leaf characteristics of mature 2, 3 and 4-year-old North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) leaves on fruiting and non-fruiting (NF) plants were studied. Leaflets of the 2-year-old plants had the lowest fresh and dry weight, area, volume and internal gas volume. Inflorescence removal in 3-year-old plants did not affect leaf characteristics or ginsenoside concentration but in 4-yearold plants it increased leaf fresh (38.6%) and dry (43.9%) weight, leaf area (29.1%), specific leaf mass (11.4%), leaf volume (43.1%), and leaf thickness (12.1%), and decreased leaf water content (6.2%). Cultivated ginseng, although an understorey plant, had the specific leaf mass, 35.6 g m-2 (range, 36 to 39 g m-2) and a chlorophyll a/b ratio of 2.40 to 2.61, both suggesting the ability to perform like a sunny habitat plant. Also, specific leaf mass of 35.6 g m-2 is similar to that reported for perennial plants, 36.8 g m-2, rather than that for annuals, 30.9 g m-2.

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“…[36] and Starratt et al . [37] and likely reflect the genetic variability of the crop which is essentially a wild species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Ginsenoside Differences among North American Ginseng Leaves

Proctor¹,

Sullivan²,

Rupasinghe³

et al. 2011

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…The method used for ginsenoside extraction and identification was described previously (Court et al 1996). The method detects both acidic (malonyl) and non-acidic forms (Awang 2000;Starratt et al 2001) of eight known ginsenosides, as well as gypenoside XVII (GYP), pseudoginsenoside PG F-11, and three as yet uncharacterized compounds with peaks close to that of gypenoside XVII. As the uncharacterized compounds were generally present at less than 1 mg g -1 of dried root, they are not reported here.…”

Section: Ginsenoside Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for the classification by shape of dried roots of ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.)

Roy¹,

Grohs²,

Reeleder³

2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Roy, R. C., Grohs, R. and Reeleder, R. D. 2003. A method for the classification by shape of dried roots of ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 955-958. A system for classifying the dried roots of ginseng by shape was developed using roots from 3-and 4-yr-old plantings. The method is based on traditional preferences in the marketplace and allows for the separation of desirable roots (chunk or forked grades) from less-desirable roots (pencil, spider and fibre grades). Results from ginsenoside analyses showed that ginsenoside contents of all grades, other than the fibre grade, were similar. Fibre-grade material had higher concentrations of ginsenosides Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and Rd.

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“…Thus, it is highly considered that the contents of leaf ginsenosides might be more affected by abiotic factors than by genotypic factors. Nevertheless, the higher abundance of leaf ginsenoside (Qu et al, 2009;Shi et al, 2007;Starratt et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2006) might make it medicinally useful (Xie et al, 2004), although ginseng leaf has been considerably less used for the commercial application than ginseng root.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic and Organ Variation in Ginsenoside Contents from American Ginseng Populations

Lee¹,

Mudge²

2018

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Variation in ginsenoside content was investigated as a function of population/genotype, plant organ, and age using four geographically isolated wild populations and one landrace population of american ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.). The contents of individual and total ginsenosides were affected by the main and two-way interactions between population, organ, and age. Ginsenoside Re was not detected in roots of the wild population plants but was found in leaves and in both organs of the landrace population. A positive relationship between root age and total root ginsenosides was detected in two wild populations. Individual root ginsenosides were highly correlated with certain leaf ginsenosides in wild populations rather than in landrace populations. Therefore, the results suggest that certain leaf ginsenosides would be applied for potential biomarkers to estimate individual root ginsenosides. Principal component analysis (PCA) scores plot indicates that all wild populations were segregated from the single landrace population. However, cluster analysis indicates that differences existed between organs, and between the wild and landrace populations. Overall, the result suggests that the variation of individual and total ginsenoside contents would be influenced by a combination of population, plant organ, and root age.

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Leaves of North American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L.: A renewable source of certain ginsenosides

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Morphological and Ginsenoside Differences among North American Ginseng Leaves

Morphological and Ginsenoside Differences among North American Ginseng Leaves

A method for the classification by shape of dried roots of ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.)

Genotypic and Organ Variation in Ginsenoside Contents from American Ginseng Populations

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