Further investigations on the hydrolytic degradation of poly (DL-lactide)

Li, Suming; McCarthy, Stephen P.

doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00226-3

Cited by 281 publications

(206 citation statements)

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“…Water will decompose the material over time and alcohols, acetone and heating will degrade the printed material as well (26)(27)(28)(29)(30). This means that sterilization with alcohol may alter the chemistry of 3d printed PLA samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Fused Deposition (FDM) Printing Process on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Chemistry and Structure

Cuiffo¹,

Snyder²,

Elliott³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Polylactic Acid (PLA) is an organic polymer commonly used in fused deposition (FDM) printing and biomedical scaffolding that is biocompatible and immunologically inert. However, variations in source material quality and chemistry make it necessary to characterize the filament and determine potential changes in chemistry occurring as a result of the FDM process. We used several spectroscopic techniques, including laser confocal microscopy, Fourier-Transform Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 3 April 2017 doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0010.v1Peer-reviewed version available at Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, , 579; doi:10.3390/app7060579 Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and photoacousitc FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in order to characterize both the bulk and surface chemistry of the source material and printed samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize morphology, crystallinity, and the glass transition temperature following printing. Analysis revealed calcium carbonatebased additives which were reacted with organic ligands and potentially trace metal impurities, both before and following printing. These additives became concentrated in voids in the printed structure. This finding is important for biomedical applications as carbonate will impact subsequent cell growth on printed tissue scaffolds. Results of chemical analysis also provided evidence of the hygroscopic nature of the source material and oxidation of the printed surface, and SEM imaging revealed micro and sub-micron scale roughness that will also impact potential applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Fused Deposition (FDM) Printing Process on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Chemistry and Structure

Cuiffo¹,

Snyder²,

Elliott³

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, while this more chemically reactive nature is of value for in situ synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles [28], or for use as support structure for growth and calcification of cells, it also results in some disadvantages which can impact its use in medical and other settings, such as increased susceptibility to water, alcohol, acetone, and heat. Water will decompose the material over time and alcohols, acetone, and heating will degrade the printed material as well [29][30][31][32][33]. This means that sterilization with alcohol, typical in medical use, may alter the chemistry of FDM-printed PLA samples.…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Xps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Fused Deposition (FDM) Printing Process on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Chemistry and Structure

et al. 2017

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Featured Application: Detailed chemical and structural changes to polylactid acid (PLA) from source material through 3D printing needs to be quantified in order to use PLA 3D printed structures for specific applications. This work was specifically motivated for specific applications for in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on printed PLA surfaces used in antimicrobial applications and the development and characterization of PLA constructs for tissue engineering.Abstract: Polylactic acid (PLA) is an organic polymer commonly used in fused deposition (FDM) printing and biomedical scaffolding that is biocompatible and immunologically inert. However, variations in source material quality and chemistry make it necessary to characterize the filament and determine potential changes in chemistry occurring as a result of the FDM process. We used several spectroscopic techniques, including laser confocal microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and photoacousitc FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in order to characterize both the bulk and surface chemistry of the source material and printed samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize morphology, cold crystallinity, and the glass transition and melting temperatures following printing. Analysis revealed calcium carbonate-based additives which were reacted with organic ligands and potentially trace metal impurities, both before and following printing. These additives became concentrated in voids in the printed structure. This finding is important for biomedical applications as carbonate will impact subsequent cell growth on printed tissue scaffolds. Results of chemical analysis also provided evidence of the hygroscopic nature of the source material and oxidation of the printed surface, and SEM imaging revealed micro-and submicron-scale roughness that will also impact potential applications.

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“…PLA performance in terms of durability are limited by multiple chemical ageing mechanisms such as thermal decomposition [3][4][5], hydrolysis [6][7][8], photo oxidation [9,10], natural weathering [11] and thermo oxidation at high temperature [12,13]. Due to biodegradable applications, numerous studies dealing with hydrolytic ageing are available (see for instance reference [8]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative degradation of polylactide (PLA) and its effects on physical and mechanical properties

Rasselet¹,

Ruellan²,

Guinault³

et al. 2014

European Polymer Journal

136

102

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. AbstractThe thermo-oxidative degradation of polylactide (PLA) films was studied between 70 and 150°C. It was shown that the oxidative degradation of PLA leads to a random chain scission responsible for a reduction of the molar mass. These molar mass changes affect Tg and the degree of crystalllinity, and it was found that Tg decreases according to the Fox-Flory theory whereas the degree of crystalllinity increases due to a chemicrystallization process. A correlation between molar mass and strain at break during oxidation has been established:PLA displays a brittle behaviour when M n falls below 40 kg.mol -1 in agreement with relationships linking the critical value for embrittlement with the molar mass between entanglements.

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Further investigations on the hydrolytic degradation of poly (DL-lactide)

Cited by 281 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of the Fused Deposition (FDM) Printing Process on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Chemistry and Structure

Impact of the Fused Deposition (FDM) Printing Process on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Chemistry and Structure

Impact of the Fused Deposition (FDM) Printing Process on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Chemistry and Structure

Oxidative degradation of polylactide (PLA) and its effects on physical and mechanical properties

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