Further investigations on the airborne excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Donaldson, Alex; Herniman, K.A.J.; Parker, John; Sellers, R. F.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400042480

Cited by 94 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Swine in particular, being capable of replicating and shedding FMDV at high titer, have been implicated as an amplifying host in FMD outbreaks, 3,10 highlighting the value of swine herd surveillance. Low-virulence CSF represents yet another prominent threat to swine industries with the heightened potential for delayed detection in swine herds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dilutions of viral purNA were preferred over the use of synthetic nucleic acid targets to permit analysis of sensitivity and specificity of target nucleic acid detection in the context of viral genomic nucleic acid and secondary structure motifs such as hairpins. For the relative analytical sensitivity analysis, each purNA pool consisted of purified nucleic acid from ASFV (Kimakia-64, 3 /mL) thus containing complete pathogen genomic sequences and also mimicking the presence of multiple pathogens in diagnostic samples. Dilutions were performed using pooled purified nucleic acid from OF collected from uninfected control swine to mimic diagnostic samples with potentially interfering host and environmental factors.…”

Section: Multiplex Rt-qpcr Linear Dynamic Range Relative Analytical mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of African swine fever, classical swine fever, and foot-and-mouth disease viruses in swine oral fluids by multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction

et al. 2015

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Abstract. African swine fever (ASF), classical swine fever (CSF), and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are highly contagious animal diseases of significant economic importance. Pigs infected with ASF and CSF viruses (ASFV and CSFV) develop clinical signs that may be indistinguishable from other diseases. Likewise, various causes of vesicular disease can mimic clinical signs caused by the FMD virus (FMDV). Early detection is critical to limiting the impact and spread of these disease outbreaks, and the ability to perform herd-level surveillance for all 3 diseases rapidly and cost effectively using a single diagnostic sample and test is highly desirable. This study assessed the feasibility of simultaneous ASFV, CSFV, and FMDV detection by multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (mRT-qPCR) in swine oral fluids collected through the use of chewing ropes. Animal groups were experimentally infected independently with each virus, observed for clinical signs, and oral fluids collected and tested throughout the course of infection. All animal groups chewed on the ropes readily before and after onset of clinical signs and before onset of lameness or serious clinical signs. ASFV was detected as early as 3 days postinoculation (dpi), 2-3 days before onset of clinical disease; CSFV was detected at 5 dpi, coincident with onset of clinical disease; and FMDV was detected as early as 1 dpi, 1 day before the onset of clinical disease. Equivalent results were observed in 4 independent studies and demonstrate the feasibility of oral fluids and mRT-qPCR for surveillance of ASF, CSF, and FMD in swine populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiplex Rt-qpcr Linear Dynamic Range Relative Analytical mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of African swine fever, classical swine fever, and foot-and-mouth disease viruses in swine oral fluids by multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction

et al. 2015

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“…The types of animals, methods of infection, air sampling and virus assay of aerosols from infected animals have already been described (Sellers & Parker, 1969;Donaldson et at. 1970 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 37 cases reported 23 were due to type 0, 13 to type C and 1 to type A virus. In a serological survey of workers exposed to FMD virus, Suhr Rasmussen (1968) and Wisniewski & Jankowska (1968) found that low titre antibodies to type 0 were the most prevalent followed by type C. In this connexion it is interesting to note that the highest yields of airborne virus were recovered from animals infected with 01 or C Noville strains of virus (Donaldson, et al 1970).…”

Section: Fmd and Man Removal Of Virus From Nosementioning

confidence: 97%

Inhalation, persistence and dispersal of foot-and-mouth disease virus by man

1970

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SUMMARYSampling of human subjects, who had been in contact with animals infected with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus, showed that virus could be recovered from the nose, throat, saliva and from air expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking and breathing. The amounts of virus recovered paralleled those collected with a large-volume sampler and multistage impinger and these findings confirmed that the highest recovery of airborne virus was from infected pigs followed by cattle and sheep. More virus was found in the noses of those examining infected animals than in those operating the samplers, but there was variation between the subjects. In the majority there was a 1x8 log fall in titre by 3-5 hr., but virus persisted in the nose of one subject for 28 hr. Nose blowing or washing the nostrils did not remove virus completely, nor were cloth or industrial masks completely effective in preventing inhalation of virus. It was possible to transmit virus from infected subjects to others on one occasion. No clinical cases of FMD in man resulted from exposure, nor was there any rise in antibody. Use was made of these findings in determining sites of aerosol excretion in animals, and the results are discussed in relation to FMD in man and to the spread of respiratory viruses by the airborne route.

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“…Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is most frequently transmitted by aerosol (Fogedby, Malmquist, Osteen & Johnson, 1960; Hyslop, 1965b;Sellers & Parker, 1969; Donaldson, Herniman, Parker & Sellers, 1970; Graves, McVicar, Sutmoller & Trautman, 1971). In cattle, virus can gain entrance through t-he upper or lower respiratory tracts or the eye, each of which has been shown to be susceptible J. W. MCVICAR AND P. SIUTMOLLER to experimental inoculation (Sutmoller, McVicar & (Cottral, 1968;Eskildsen, 1968;Sutmoller & McVicar, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the upper respiratory tract of non-immunized, vaccinated, and recovered cattle after intranasal inoculation

McVicar

Sutmöller

1976

J. Hyg.

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'Mention of a trademark or a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the UT.S. Department of Agriculture, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.' SUMMARY Non-immunized, vaccinated, and recovered cattle were inoculated intranasally with various doses of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Samples of oesophagealpharyngeal (OP) fluid were taken periodically for up to 7 days after inoculation and virus titres of these samples were plotted as pharyngeal virus growth curves.In non-immunized cattle, the length of the lag period and of the growth period were inversely proportional to the dose of virus given. Maximum titres were observed when clinical signs were first detected. Three of the 10 cattle studied had virus growth rates that were lower than rates of others given the same dose of virus, and clinical signs appeared later than expected in these three cattle.Cattle vaccinated with an inactivated virus oil-adjuvant vaccine had pharyngeal virus growth curves that were similar to those obtained from non-immunized cattle for 30 h. after inoculation. Titres of virus in OP fluid samples taken 2-7 days after inoculation were substantially lower in cattle with a high pre-exposure serum mouse protection index than titres from partly-immunized or non-immunized cattle.Nine of 14 recovered cattle had detectable but reduced virus growth after intranasal inoculation with homologous virus. Five recovered cattle inoculated with heterologous virus reacted similarly to non-immunized animals.

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Further investigations on the airborne excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Cited by 94 publications

References 4 publications

Detection of African swine fever, classical swine fever, and foot-and-mouth disease viruses in swine oral fluids by multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction

Detection of African swine fever, classical swine fever, and foot-and-mouth disease viruses in swine oral fluids by multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction

Inhalation, persistence and dispersal of foot-and-mouth disease virus by man

Growth of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the upper respiratory tract of non-immunized, vaccinated, and recovered cattle after intranasal inoculation

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