Further Investigations of an Outbreak of Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis at a Deep‐litter Piggery

Reznikov, M.; Leggo, Janet H.; Tuffley, R. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1971.tb02097.x

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Pigs are in contact with IS901-negative MAC strains through drinking water, sawdust, and other substances (17). Our findings agree with those of other authors (4,7,31,35), that is, IS901-negative MAC strains not virulent for poultry prevail in the environment. Nevertheless, certain environmental conditions can serve as a reservoir for IS901-positive MAC strains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Relationship between IS901in theMycobacterium aviumComplex Strains Isolated from Birds, Animals, Humans, and the Environment and Virulence for Poultry

Pavlík

Svastova

Bartl

et al. 2000

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

123

111

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A total of 738 strains of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) were examined in biological experiments on poultry by use of PCR methods with primers for detection of the insertion sequence IS901. Serotype strains of MAC from all known 28 serotypes were examined. Further strains were isolated from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and HIV-positive patients, 6 animal species, 17 bird species, and the environment. Of 165 strains virulent for poultry, characterized by generalized tuberculosis, 164 strains contained IS901, a result which is statistically highly significant (P, 0.01). The remaining 573 strains were nonvirulent; however, IS901 was present in 24 strains. From among 20 strains of serotypes 1, 2, and 3, IS901 was found in 15 strains, only 5 of which were virulent for poultry. The remaining 111 strains, of serotypes 4 to 28, were nonvirulent and did not incorporate IS901. None of the 152 strains isolated from humans was virulent for poultry, including 12 strains which were IS901 positive.The importance of mycobacterial infections caused by strains of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in animals and humans is continuously increasing (11,18). In the human population, the condition is aggravated by the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In AIDS patients, the incidence of disseminated mycobacterial infection caused by MAC strains can reach up to 55% (34, 47). In poultry, swine, and cattle farms and in farmed red deer, avian tuberculosis imposes the highest financial losses (5,9,30,39,40).In veterinary epidemiology, virulent strains inducing avian generalized tuberculosis are the most important. One of the oldest and most frequently used methods for virulence assessment of MAC strains in birds is the challenge assay with poultry; nevertheless, mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits also have been used (2,8,10,31,42,43,51,52). Serotyping has partly replaced time-consuming experimentation on laboratory animals. Originally, serotypes 1 and 2, virulent for birds, were classified as M. avium, and 13 nonvirulent serotypes were classified as M. intracellulare (39,41). Later, a third virulent serotype of M. avium, serotype 3, was described (21). Piening et al. denominated those three MAC serotypes as the M. avium group, in accordance with previous studies. Strains of serotypes 12 to 20 were absolutely nonvirulent for poultry and were denominated as the M. intracellulare group. Strains of serotypes 4 to 6 and 8 to 11, causing changes only at the site of inoculation after intramuscular injection, were denominated as an intermediate MAC group (33).As further serotypes were continuously investigated, in 1979 the number of serotypes belonging to M. intracellulare increased to 25 (serotypes 4 to 28) (49, 50). However, research results obtained in the early 1980s led to a new approach to the taxonomic classification of each MAC serotype. DNA-DNA hybridization was used to show the relationship of strains of serotypes 1 to 6 and 8 to 11 (3). These and other results led in 1990 to the suggestion for...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Relationship between IS901in theMycobacterium aviumComplex Strains Isolated from Birds, Animals, Humans, and the Environment and Virulence for Poultry

Pavlík

Svastova

Bartl

et al. 2000

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

123

111

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“…Earlier investigations (Cvetnić et al, 1998) also detected sawdust as the source of M. avium serotype 8 in farms with a high percentage of reactors. Several studies have confirmed the contamination of sawdust or straw with mycobacteria of the M. avium complex (Reznikov et al, 1971;Szabó et al, 1975b;Saitanu and Holmgaard, 1977;Saxegaard, 1981;Matlova et al, , 2004. In addition to its epidemiological importance, swine tuberculosis causes substantial economic losses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mycobacterial infection of pigs in Croatia

Cvetnić

Špičić

Benić

et al. 2007

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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During a five-year period (2000 to 2004) 74,342 pigs were tested by the intradermal tuberculin test in Croatia. Of them, 248 (0.33%) pigs were positive and 91 (0.12%) were found to be suspicious in 7 out of the 13 farms included in the study. Gross pathological changes characteristic of tuberculosis were observed in tuberculin-positive and/or suspicious swine. Mycobacterium was isolated from the lymph nodes of 183 out of 234 swine (78.2%). For better epidemiological understanding, isolates were typed by conventional methods, PCR and hybridisation. The results show that most of the isolates belonged to the Mycobacterium avium complex (175 isolates, 95.7%). Other isolates belonged to M. fortuitum (6 isolates, 3.3%), M. chelonae (1 isolate, 0.5%), and M. peregrinum (1 isolate, 0.5%). Isolated strains of the M. avium complex were identified as M. a. avium (37 isolates, 21.1%) and M. a. hominissuis (138 isolates, 78.9%).

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“…Esse fato poderia estar relacionado com a presença do agente em várias áreas do sistema de criação, como na creche 31 , na própria maternidade 21 e na terminação 29 , expondo os animais à infecção em diferentes fases da vida.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Linfadenites tuberculóides em suínos abatidos no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: aspectos macroscópicos histopatológicos e pesquisa de micobactérias

Balian¹,

Ribeiro²,

Vasconcellos³

et al. 1997

Rev. Saúde Pública

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INTRODUÇÃO: Como a ocorrência de linfadenites tuberculóides nos suínos oferece riscos à saúde pública, sobretudo em indivíduos imunocomprometidos, foi estudada a distribuição das lesões tuberculóides e a presença de micobactérias em linfonodos, tecido hepático e muscular de suínos de abate, no Estado de São Paulo, SP (Brasil), no período de 1993-1994. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram estudadas 60 carcaças de suínos abatidos, sendo que, trinta apresentavam lesões tuberculóides macroscópicas (grupo A) e trinta estavam livres de tais lesões (grupo B ou controle). Foram analisadas seis localizações: linfonodos (retrofaríngeos, jejunais e mediastínicos), tecido hepático e tecido muscular (masséter e diafragma). Os exames executados foram: histopatologia e o cultivo para micobactérias. RESULTADOS: No grupo A, 14 em 30 carcaças apresentaram granuloma na histopatologia e, em 14, houve o isolamento de representantes do Complexo MAC (Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare). No grupo B não foram observadas lesões na histopatologia, e de quatro carcaças houve o isolamento de micobactérias de rápido crescimento. As lesões macroscópicas foram encontradas predominantemente nos linfonodos mesentéricos. O Complexo MAC foi isolado apenas em linfonodos do grupo com lesão, não sendo isolado em tecido hepático e muscular. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi possível o estabelecimento de relação entre o tipo de micobactéria isolada e as características macroscópicas das lesões.

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Further Investigations of an Outbreak of Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis at a Deep‐litter Piggery

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Relationship between IS901in theMycobacterium aviumComplex Strains Isolated from Birds, Animals, Humans, and the Environment and Virulence for Poultry

Relationship between IS901in theMycobacterium aviumComplex Strains Isolated from Birds, Animals, Humans, and the Environment and Virulence for Poultry

Mycobacterial infection of pigs in Croatia

Linfadenites tuberculóides em suínos abatidos no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: aspectos macroscópicos histopatológicos e pesquisa de micobactérias

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