Further examination of relationships between life events and psychiatric symptoms in adults with intellectual disability

Hamilton, David; Sutherland, Georgina; Iacono, Teresa

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00761.x

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…72 Similarly, people with ID experience psychological and behavioral disturbance in reaction to significant life events. [73][74][75][76] In children, the literature suggests that the best predictors of good outcome are those that shield against secondary loss: a good relationship with a surviving parent who is competent in parenting bereaved children [77][78][79][80] and a stable family environment promoted by strong family organization, cohesion, communication, and role differentiation. 8,81 It seems reasonable to infer that maintaining stability in the home is critical for the well-being of bereaved individuals with ID.…”

Section: Secondary Loss and Coping With Griefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grief and its Complications in Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Brickell¹,

Münir²

2008

Harvard Review of Psychiatry

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Bereavement and loss have significant impact on the lives of individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Although there is a growing impetus to define the symptoms of grief that predict long-term functional impairment, little is known about maladaptive grieving among individuals with ID. We examine the literature concerning the phenomenology of traumatic grief (TG) in the general population, along with what is known about the manifestations of grief in individuals with ID. We then apply modern theories of grief and grief resolution to individuals with ID in order to highlight potential areas of vulnerability in this population and to lay the groundwork for interventions that will facilitate their adaptation to loss. We provide a theoretical framework for the proposition that individuals (including children and adults) with ID are more susceptible to TG, based on an increased risk of secondary loss, barriers to communicating about the loss, and difficulty finding meaning in the loss. We conclude that individuals with ID should be considered as potential candidates for targeted bereavement interventions. Further research is required, however, in order to develop population-appropriate measurement scales for testing these hypotheses. Keywords grief; bereavement; intellectual disabilityEarly psychodynamic theories of grief suggest that only those who are capable of understanding the finality of death, and who are able to perform the arduous psychological task of withdrawing emotion from the deceased, will be capable of mourning. [1][2][3][4] Even without a cognitive understanding of death, however, it is possible to notice the absence of a loved one and to react emotionally to that loss. In his formulation of attachment theory, John Bowlby 5-7 provided the first theoretical framework for the proposition that even young children can grieve following the loss of an attachment figure. Since then, studies have confirmed that children react with grief, sadness, and despair to the death of loved ones. 8 Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have long been considered incapable of griefjust as young children once were. It has been suggested that individuals with ID * do not possess either the necessary capacity to form meaningful relationships 9,10 or the necessary

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Section: Secondary Loss and Coping With Griefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grief and its Complications in Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Brickell¹,

Münir²

2008

Harvard Review of Psychiatry

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“…Another finding is that children and adults with ID who have been exposed to sexual abuse are likely to experience a range of symptoms, psychopathology and behavioral difficulties (Turk & Brown, 1993;Beail & Warden, 1995;Sequeira & Hollins, 2003;Mansell et.al, 2003). Previous exposure to life events has generally been found to be associated with mental ill-health (Cooper et al,2007), and in particular the occurrence of affective disorders and aggressive or destructive behaviors (McGillivray & McCabe, 2007;Tsanikos, Bouras, Costello, & Holt, 2007;Hastings, Hatton, Taylor, & Maddison, 2004;Owen et al, 2004;Hamilton et al, 2005;Levitas & Gilson 2001). More importantly, in a prospective study by Esbenson and Benson (2006) a causal relationship between psychopathological symptoms and previous exposure to negative life events has been found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD and its treatment in people with intellectual disabilities

Mevissen

Jongh

2010

Clinical Psychology Review

165

160

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“…Patti, Amble, and Flory (2005) reported 60% of adults with Down syndrome to experience one or more residential relocations within a five-year period as compared to only 21% of adults with other intellectual disabilities of the same age. Exposure to recurrent relocations may lead to emotional, affective, and behavior problems for individuals with intellectual disability (Hamilton, Sutherland, & Iacono, 2005). Adults with Down syndrome have been shown to be particularly sensitive to transitions (Hamilton et al, 2005) and changes in routine (Haveman, Maaskant, Van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk, Urlings, & Kessels, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Transitions Among Adults With Intellectual Disability Across 20 Years

Woodman¹,

Mailick²,

Anderson³

et al. 2014

American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

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The present study addresses critical gaps in the literature by examining residential transitions among 303 adults with intellectual disability over 10 years (Part 1) and 75 adults with Down syndrome over 20 years (Part 2). All adults lived at home at the start of the study, but many moved to a variety of settings. Several characteristics of the adults with intellectual disability differed across settings, most notably adaptive behavior and the number of residential transitions, while characteristics such as age, type of disability, and behavior problems were less predictive of residential placements. The number of moves over the course of the study varied widely, with critical links to earlier family dynamics, social relationships, and health and adaptive behavior.

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Further examination of relationships between life events and psychiatric symptoms in adults with intellectual disability

Cited by 43 publications

References 13 publications

Grief and its Complications in Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Grief and its Complications in Individuals with Intellectual Disability

PTSD and its treatment in people with intellectual disabilities

Residential Transitions Among Adults With Intellectual Disability Across 20 Years

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