“…Wholecell biosensors offer various advantages, including good sensitivity, high selectivity, and the ability for in situ, quantitative detection. Therefore, these microbial-based biosensors have been successfully applied for food and drink analysis, environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and drug screening [1,50,65,66]. In this subsection, we provide an overview of the design of microbial electrochemical biosensors using halotolerant microbes, which have been utilized for seawater BOD and heavy-metal sensing [47].…”