Functionalized graphene oxide as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery and bioimaging applications

Karki, Neha; Tiwari, Himani; Tewari, Chetna; Rana, Anita; Pandey, Naveen; Basak, Souvik; Sahoo, Nanda Gopal

doi:10.1039/d0tb01149e

Cited by 78 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted attention as a promising multi-functional tool with applications in diverse fields, including biomedical engineering ( 24 ). Nano-graphene oxide (NGO), which has a large surface area for loading of aromatic drugs, has shown great potential in drug delivery ( 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitor-Loaded Nanosheets Enhance CAR-T Cell Function in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

et al. 2021

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In chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, the role and mechanism of indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in enhancing antitumor immunity require further study. IDO1 is one of the most important immunosuppressive proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the IDO1 inhibitor, epacadostat, has failed in phase III clinical trials; its limited capacity to inhibit IDO1 expression at tumor sites was regarded as a key reason for clinical failure. In this study, we innovatively loaded the IDO1 inhibitor into hyaluronic acid-modified nanomaterial graphene oxide (HA-GO) and explored its potential efficacy in combination with CAR-T cell therapy. We found that inhibition of the antitumor effect of CAR-T cells in ESCC was dependent on the IDO1 metabolite kynurenine. Kynurenine could suppress CAR-T cell cytokine secretion and cytotoxic activity. Inhibiting IDO1 activity significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of CAR-T cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggested that IDO1 inhibitor-loaded nanosheets could enhance the antitumor effect of CAR-T cells compared with free IDO1 inhibitor. Nanosheet-loading therefore provides a promising approach for improving CAR-T cell therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitor-Loaded Nanosheets Enhance CAR-T Cell Function in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

et al. 2021

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“…Graphene and its variants are monolayer graphenes, small-layer graphs, oxides of graphene, reduction in graphene oxides (rGO), nanosheets of graphene (GNS), and nanoribbons of graphene. GO is one of the essential chemicals derivatives of the graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs), and its potential biological uses are more attractive (Yang et al., 2013 ; Liu et al., 2019 ; Karki et al., 2020 ). Materials based on graphs generally have a dimension ranging from a few to hundred nanometers and have a width of between 1 and 10 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A convergent synthetic platform for dual anticancer drugs functionalized by reduced graphene nanocomposite delivery for hepatocellular cancer

Zhang

Han

et al. 2021

Drug Delivery

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is widespread cancer with a high degree of morbidity and mortality in individuals worldwide and a serious concern for its resistance to present chemotherapy drugs. In this investigation, the combination of cisplatin (CPT) and metformin (MET) to kill the HepG2 and caco-2 cells was developed into a new pH-responding magnetic nanocomposite based on reduced graphene oxide. Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylic (PHEA) was then linked employing grafting from approach to the reduced graphene oxide by ATRP polymerization (Fe 3 O 4 @rGO-G-PSEA). FT-IR, SEM, XRD, DLS, and TGA analyses evaluated physicochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite. In addition, the cellular uptake property of the nanocomposites was examined by the HepG2 cells. The outcomes of cell viability results indicate that the nanoparticles loaded with MET&CPT showed the lowest concentration rate of HepG2 and Caco-2 cells compared to the drug-loaded single nanocomposite groups and free drugs. The histological analysis has demonstrated relatively safe and does not produce different stress such as swelling and inflammation of the mice organs. Our results show the enhancement in cytotoxicity in HepG2 and Cocoa-2 cells by MET and CPT graphene oxide-based nanocomposite by promoting apoptotic response. Moreover, Fe 3 O 4 @rGO-G-PSEA showed potent in vivo antitumor efficacy but showed no adverse toxicity to normal tissues. Together, this study can provide insight into how surface embellishment may tune these nanocomposites' tumor specificity and provide the basis for developing anticancer efficacy.

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“…Synthesis and Characterization of Amine-Functionalized Graphene Oxide (AFGO) and Amine-Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Doxorubicin (AFGO-Dox) Dual-function microspheres that encapsulated a nanocarrier with an embolic agent (GG/AFGO-Dox) were developed for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) to block nutrient delivery and enhance drug absorption, leading to tumor cell starvation and subsequent cell apoptosis (Figure 1). Many reports have highlighted the potential of graphene oxide (GO) to function as a drug carrier due to its potential π-π and hydrophobic interactions with drugs that have aromatic rings [27,28]. In addition, amine-functionalized graphene oxide (AFGO) was further modified to enhance drug hydrophilic interactions and to facilitate graphene assembly with the polymer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Four-Step Cascade Drug-Release Management Strategy for Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) Therapeutic Applications

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this study was to develop a four-step cascade drug-release system for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapeutic applications according to disease-driven and patient-focused design theories. The four steps underlying these strategies involve the blockage of nutrient supply, nanoparticles, codelivery and the cell cytotoxic effect. Calibrated spherical gellan gum (GG) and nanoparticle-containing gellan gum microspheres were prepared using a water-in-oil emulsification method. Self-assembled nanoparticles featuring amine-functionalized graphene oxide (AFGO) as the doxorubicin (Dox) carrier were prepared. The results confirm that, as a drug carrier, AFGO–Dox nanoparticles can facilitate the transport of doxorubicin into HepG2 liver cancer cells. Subsequently, AFGO–Dox was introduced into gellan gum (GG) microspheres, thus forming GG/AFGO–Dox microspheres with a mean size of 200–700 μm. After a drug release experiment lasting 28 days, the amount of doxorubicin released from 674 and 226 μm GG/AFGO–Dox microspheres was 2.31 and 1.18 μg/mg, respectively. GG/AFGO–Dox microspheres were applied in a rabbit ear embolization model, where ischemic necrosis was visible on the ear after 12 days. Our aim for the future is to provide better embolization agents for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using this device.

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Functionalized graphene oxide as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery and bioimaging applications

Abstract: Graphene Oxide (GO) has attracted tremendous attention as a most promising nanomaterial among the carbon family since itsemerged as a polynomial functional tool bearing rational application in diverse fields such...

Cited by 78 publications

References 223 publications

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitor-Loaded Nanosheets Enhance CAR-T Cell Function in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitor-Loaded Nanosheets Enhance CAR-T Cell Function in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A convergent synthetic platform for dual anticancer drugs functionalized by reduced graphene nanocomposite delivery for hepatocellular cancer

A Four-Step Cascade Drug-Release Management Strategy for Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) Therapeutic Applications

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