Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by potassium permanganate assisted with phase transfer catalyst

Zhang, Nanyan; Xie, Jining; Varadan, Vijay K.

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/11/6/318

Cited by 140 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…All the Gaussian deconvoluted spectra show a main peak at 284.4 eV which is attributed to a sp 2 -carbon in graphitic structure. 39,40 The low intensity peaks at higher binding energies (285.7 and 289.3 eV) are attributed to sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms at the CNT surface. These carbon atoms are directly bond to functional groups such as carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups, 41 whose amount increased notably after the chemical treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of different chemical treatments on the structure and stability of aqueous dispersion of iron- and iron oxide-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Moraes¹,

Matos²,

Castro³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O efeito de cinco diferentes tratamentos químicos (HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , H 2 O 2 , HNO 3 + H 2 SO 4 e HNO 3 + HCl) na homogeneidade, superfície, estrutura e dispersabilidade em água de nanotubos de carbono do tipo multi-paredes preenchidos com ferro ou óxido de ferro foi estudado através de difratometria de raios X (XRD), espectroscopias Raman, UV-Visível e fotoeletrônica de raios X (XPS), análise termogravimétrica (TG) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados indicaram que os tratamentos são efetivos na remoção de espécies carbonáceas diferentes de nanotubos, presentes na amostra. Com exceção do tratamento com H 2 O 2 , uma boa remoção das espécies contendo metal também foi observada. Além de aumentar a homogeneidade das amostras, os tratamentos também criam grupos carboxílicos e hidroxílicos superficiais, que afetam diretamente a dispersabilidade destas espécies em água. Dispersões estáveis de 2,24 × 10 -1 g L -1 de nanotubos em água foram obtidas após o tratamento com mistura de ácido sulfúrico e ácido nítrico.The effect of five different chemical treatments (HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , H 2 O 2 , HNO 3 + H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 + HCl) on the homogeneity, surface chemistry, structure and dispersibility in water of ironand iron oxide-filled multi-walled carbon nanotube samples was evaluated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman, UV-Visible and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the chemical treatments are generally effective in removing non-nanotube carbonaceous species present in the sample. With the exception of the H 2 O 2 treatment, the chemical treatments also offer good removal of free iron-species. Besides the increase in the sample homogeneity, the chemical treatments promoted an increase in the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups at the carbon nanotube surface, what directly affects the dispersibility of these carbon nanotubes in water. Dispersions of 2.24 × 10 -1 g L -1were obtained for the treated samples with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid. Keywords: carbon nanotubes, chemical treatment, CVD, nanostructures, nanomaterials IntroductionCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received much attention in the last years due to their extraordinary chemical and physical properties, arising from the combination of their typical morphology, structure and size.1 Many different processes have been described for the synthesis of CNTs. Among them, one of the most versatile is the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which is based on the decomposition of a carbon source (usually a hydrocarbon) over metal nanocatalysts.2 Usually, the resulting samples are a mixture of CNTs and some impurities, such as other carbonaceous materials (graphite, amorphous carbon, fullerenes, carbon nano-structures, etc.) and the catalyst metal particles.3 These impurities are undesirable for a variety of applications, and different physical and/or chemical treatments are usually performed to remove them. 4 However, it should be noted th...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical treatments were performed by adding 15 mg of p-CNT in 40 ). The mixtures were heated and maintained under reflux for 6 h (except for the H 2 O 2 solution in which the reflux was maintained for 2 h).…”

Section: Chemical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different chemical treatments on the structure and stability of aqueous dispersion of iron- and iron oxide-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Moraes¹,

Matos²,

Castro³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…To facilitate both carboxylation and purification, well-known oxidative treatment in various strong oxidants such as concentrated and dilute nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, aqua regia, and potassium permanganate [26] are used, typically in combination with sonication [27,28] and/or refluxing. [29] These processes typically not only functionalize the nanotubes but also ''cut'' or shorten the nanotubes. Chen et al [30] have recently used wet-mechanochemical milling with potassium hydroxide in alcohol to successfully modify CNTs with multiple hydroxyl groups.…”

Section: Cnt Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes Anchored to Silicon for Device Fabrication

et al. 2010

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This report highlights recent progress in the fabrication of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) on silicon-based materials. Research into these nanostructured composite materials is spurred by the importance of silicon as a basis for most current devices and the disruptive properties of CNTs. Various CNT attachments methods of covalent and adsorptive nature are critically compared. Selected examples of device applications where the VA-CNT on silicon assemblies are showing particular promise are discussed. These applications include field emitters, filtration membranes, dry adhesives, sensors and scaffolds for biointerfaces.

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“…[11] On SWNTs, such functionalities are initially produced on nanotube ends or end caps and at defects incorporated during growth; only further oxidation can etch sidewalls. [4,[6][7][8][13][14][15] The latter results illustrate the difficulty of converting SWNT sidewalls into carboxylates or ketones. Careful control of the oxidative process is needed to overcome the sidewall resistance to carboxylate formation while maintaining its electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Mechanism‐Guided Improvements to the Single Molecule Oxidation of Carbon Nanotube Sidewalls

Coroneus¹,

Goldsmith²,

Lamboy³

et al. 2008

ChemPhysChem

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Real-time monitoring of carbon nanotube conductance during electrochemical and chemical etching reveals the electronic signatures of individual bond alteration events on the nanotube sidewall. Tracking the conductance of multiple single-molecule experiments through different synthetic protocols supports putative mechanisms for sidewall derivatization. Insights gained from these mechanistic observations imply the formation of sidewall carboxylates, which are useful as handles for bioconjugation. We describe an electronic state required for efficacious chemical treatment. Such real-time monitoring can improve carboxylate yields to 45 % or more. The experiments illustrate the power of molecular nanocircuits to uncover and direct the mechanisms of chemical reactions.

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Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by potassium permanganate assisted with phase transfer catalyst

Cited by 140 publications

References 12 publications

The effect of different chemical treatments on the structure and stability of aqueous dispersion of iron- and iron oxide-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The effect of different chemical treatments on the structure and stability of aqueous dispersion of iron- and iron oxide-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Carbon Nanotubes Anchored to Silicon for Device Fabrication

Mechanism‐Guided Improvements to the Single Molecule Oxidation of Carbon Nanotube Sidewalls

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