Functionalization and Cross-Linking of Carboxymethyl Cellulose in Aqueous Media

Abstract

Lignocelluloses are the main components of the wastes of olive oil industrial production. Partially destoned olive wastes contain a small amount of oil and water. So, olive wastes should have lower fiber content in comparison with crude olive waste. Functionalization of cellulose extracted from olive wastes enhances its importance for production of antimicrobial materials. In this work, dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC), as cross-linking agent, was successfully prepared by using periodate oxidation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which had been previously prepared from olive oil by-products. CMC was modified with hydrazine monohydrate in order to prepare carboxymethyl hydrazide (NCMC), which was reacted with DCMC through Schiff's base reaction, resulting in crosslinking of NCMC. Also, DCMC was reacted with succinic dihydrazide (SDH) through Schiff's base reaction to give CMCSH. The water uptake of the prepared samples was also studied. All the modifications and reactions were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were loaded onto the prepared cross-linked compounds and their loading was confirmed by EDX. The antimicrobial activities of the silver-loaded cross-linked compounds were investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as against yeasts.

Hydrogel Films Based on Chitosan and Oxidized Carboxymethylcellulose Optimized for the Controlled Release of Curcumin with Applications in Treating Dermatological Conditions

“…For example, in the case of dextran and inulin oxidation, the authors could not identify in the FTIR spectrum the absorption band specific to the aldehyde group [ 46 , 47 ]. Absorption bands from about 800 cm −1 can be attributed to semiacetals forming between aldehyde groups and vicinal hydroxyl groups [ 48 , 49 ]. The absorption band from 3593 cm −1 correspondingly to the OH-group’s elongation vibration in the CMC spectrum becomes narrower in the CMCOx spectra.…”

Antimicrobial and antiviral activities with molecular docking study of chitosan/carrageenan@clove oil beads

“…The characteristic absorption bands for chitosan were at 3300 cm −1 pointing to the stretching vibrations of the amino and hydroxyl groups while the peak at 1650-1580 and 1100 cm -1 refer to C-N bond ether linkage respectively. [7,38] For carrageenan the characteristic absorption bands at 1220 cm -1 for the ester sulfate group 928 cm -1 for the…”

Antimicrobial Activity, DFT Calculations, and Molecular Docking of Dialdehyde Cellulose/Graphene Oxide Film Against Covid-19

“…Adsorption bands of CH 2 bending vibrations and C-O-C at 1380 cm −1 and 1040 cm −1 respectively, decreased in DAC due to degradation of cellulose [13,33]. In DAC spectra a new adsorption band at 800-750 corresponding to hemiacetal bond which is a characteristic peak of aldehyde [14,27]. This bond formed between newly aldehyde groups and their adjacent hydroxyl groups OH [37].…”

“…It is synthesized via conventional oxidation process using sodium meta-periodate which makes specific and selective cleavage of the two secondary hydroxyl groups in C2-C3 vicinal hydroxyl groups in glucopyranose unite as in Fig. 1 [14][15][16].…”