Functional Three-Dimensional Porous Conductive Polymer Hydrogels for Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence in Situ Detection of H₂O₂ Released from Live Cells

Abstract

Reliable and sensitive in situ detection of molecules released from live cells attracts tremendous research interest, as it shows significance in pathological and physiological investigation. In the present work, a novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) luminophore, N-(aminobutyl)- N-(ethylisoluminol)-functionalized Ag nanoparticles modified three-dimensional (3D) polyaniline-phytic acid conducting hydrogel (ABEI-Ag@PAni-PA), is synthesized to adhere cells for in situ sensitive ECL detection of hydrogen peroxide (HO) released from live cells. The obtained 3D nanostructured ABEI-Ag@PAni-PA conducting hydrogels synergize the advantages of a conducting hydrogel and a nanoparticle catalyst, in which the PAni-PA conducting hydrogels benefit the cell adhesion and high loading density of the ABEI-Ag luminescent material due to their good biocompatibility, porous structure, and 3D continuous framework. Importantly, compared with the traditional procedure for detection of HO released from cells in solution, adhesion of cells on ABEI-Ag@PAni-PA conducting hydrogels provides a short diffusion distance to reaction sites for HO, thus realizing sensitive in situ monitoring of HO released from cells under drug stimulation. With good biocompatibility, high sensitivity, and easy preparation, the ECL biosensor based on ABEI-Ag@PAni-PA conducting hydrogels can be expanded to detect other molecules released from cells, which may facilitate the investigation of pathology and physiology.

Fluorescent Noble Metal Nanoclusters Loaded Protein Hydrogel Exhibiting Anti‐Biofouling and Self‐Healing Properties for Electrochemiluminescence Biosensing Applications

“…Taking advantage of the high sensitivity, selectivity, ease of spatial and temporal control, and simplified optical setup, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method which involves the generation of luminescence signals on an electrode surface through electrochemical processes has emerged as a powerful allows the rapid diffusion of small molecular ECL co-reagents and biotargets. [18,19] The introduction of conductive polymers or nanostructures into the hydrogel networks can enhance the sensitivity of the systems, [20][21][22] and the introduction of responsive structures can endow the system tunable and responsive ECL properties. [23,24] Furthermore, the high water content, flexibility and good biocompatibility also facilitate the biological application of hydrogel based ECL biosensing systems.…”

“…[ 17 ] The highly porous structure of hydrogels allows the efficient immobilization of ECL probes, and also allows the rapid diffusion of small molecular ECL co‐reagents and biotargets. [ 18,19 ] The introduction of conductive polymers or nanostructures into the hydrogel networks can enhance the sensitivity of the systems, [ 20–22 ] and the introduction of responsive structures can endow the system tunable and responsive ECL properties. [ 23,24 ] Furthermore, the high water content, flexibility and good biocompatibility also facilitate the biological application of hydrogel based ECL biosensing systems.…”

Antimicrobial Peptide Functionalized Conductive Nanowire Array Electrode as a Promising Candidate for Bacterial Environment Application

“…Conductive polymer electrodes are widely used for rapid signal detection and monitoring in clinical, food, environmental, and bioprocessing areas due to their unique mechanical, redox and impedance characteristics . Polypyrrole (PPy) electrodes are attractive representation of conductive polymer electrodes due to their lower impedance and ease of functionalization .…”

A Novel Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on a Metal-Organic Framework/Carbon Nanofiber Composite

“…Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), as an important industrial chemical, has been widely applied in various fields, including food production, medicine manufacture, clinic treatment, etc [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The detection of H 2 O 2 in food is of great importance because it participates in various cellular metabolism pathways of the human body and an abnormal level of H 2 O 2 may lead to severe diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, Alzheimer’s disease and even cancer [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Therefore, the development of fast and accurate methods for H 2 O 2 detection has become a research hotspot.…”