Functional Symbology - Evaluation of task-specific Head-Up Display information for use on a commercial flight deck

Richards, Dale; Lamb, Phillip

doi:10.2514/6.2016-3374

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Concerning thrust commands, the occurrence of backward displacement as well as changes in mean and maximum deceleration also tended to be improved between augmentations when comparing Calm sea and Rough sea. While we did not evidence any impairment caused by the availability of Replication and Addition augmentations, enabling augmented reality assistance to landing maneuvers would only be considered in useful situations (e.g., in Rough sea and landing phase of the maneuver) as already proposed (see [35] for a theoretical demonstration of augmentation requirements as a function of Usable-Cue-Environment scale, and [58] for an experimental example of enslavement with visibility). Hence, making visual aids available only when necessary would allow the displays to be used for other purposes without overloading pilots' workload nor occluding field of view.…”

Section: Ship Landing In Rough Seamentioning

confidence: 64%

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

et al. 2021

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Helicopter landing on a ship is a visually regulated "rendezvous" task during which pilots must use fine control to land a powerful rotorcraft on the deck of a moving ship tossed by the sea while minimizing the energy at impact. Although augmented reality assistance can be hypothesized to improve pilots’ performance and the safety of landing maneuvers by guiding action toward optimal behavior in complex and stressful situations, the question of the optimal information to be displayed to feed the pilots’ natural information-movement coupling remains to be investigated. Novice participants were instructed to land a simplified helicopter on a ship in a virtual reality simulator while minimizing energy at impact and landing duration. The wave amplitude and related ship heave were manipulated. We compared the benefits of two types of visual augmentation whose design was based on either solving cockpit-induced visual occlusion problems or strengthening the online regulation of the deceleration by keeping the current τ˙ variable around an ideal value of -0.5 to conduct smooth and efficient landing. Our results showed that the second augmentation, ecologically grounded, offers benefits at several levels of analysis. It decreases the landing duration, improves the control of the helicopter displacement, and sharpens the sensitivity to changes in τ˙. This underlines the importance for designers of augmented reality systems to collaborate with psychologists to identify the relevant perceptual-motor strategy that must be encouraged before designing an augmentation that will enhance it.

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Section: Ship Landing In Rough Seamentioning

confidence: 64%

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

et al. 2021

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“…It should be noted that pilot awareness of the outside environment did decrease when using the HUD in clear conditions, although this decrease was not statistically significant. Whilst previous research has demonstrated that HUDs can be detrimental to pilot situation awareness, particularly when task-irrelevant information is presented in demanding situations (Richards et al 2016), the fact that pilots' awareness did not significantly decrease implies this was not problematic. The finding that HUDS have the potential to degrade awareness of the external environment can be linked to the issue of attentional tunnelling (Wickens and Alexander 2009;Fadden et al 1998).…”

Section: Hud In Clear Visual Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Future research is needed to examine the effectiveness of a de-clutter mode that removes elements of the HUD display during clear visual conditions. Such functionality has been demonstrated to be effective at facilitating both workload and performance of fixed-wing aircraft crews (Richards et al 2016) however has not been applied to rotary-wing aircraft.…”

Section: Hud In Clear Visual Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing through the mist: an evaluation of an iteratively designed head-up display, using a simulated degraded visual environment, to facilitate rotary-wing pilot situation awareness and workload

et al. 2019

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Degraded visual conditions present a great challenge to rotary-wing aircraft. These conditions can obscure cues used to interpret speed, location and approach. With such cues obscured, pilots must rely on in-cockpit instrumentation, increasing workload, whilst reducing situation awareness. When operating within degraded visual conditions, pilots require easy access to flight critical information, presented in a way that minimises additional workload and maximises situation awareness. One technology that can be beneficial within such conditions is a head-up display (HUD). This study explores the impact of an iteratively designed HUD on pilots' workload and situation awareness during the safety-critical descent and landing flight phases, during both clear and degraded visual conditions across a series of simulated trials. Results suggest that access to the HUD facilitated pilot awareness, whilst maintaining workload in all conditions. Results support the view that HUDS are beneficial to rotary-wing pilots, particularly in degraded visual environments.

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“…The reasoning behind presenting the HTA and the pilot interviews together in this work is based on the goal of designing future avionic displays from a task and user perspective rather than an engineering perspective [46]. The scenario for the HEMS operations in this work is based on the medical emergency system operating under the "rendezvous concept" [47].…”

Section: Relationship Between Hta and Sme Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study that applied such an approach in the display of information HUDs was performed by Richards et al [46]. In their study, multiple HUD configurations were tested for their effectiveness in improving the flight performance during an approach and landing task.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do You Need? Information Requirements and Task Analysis of (Future) Advanced Air Mobility Pilots in the Emergency Medical Service

Janetzko,

Kacem

2024

Aerospace

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In the domain of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), Simplified Vehicle Operations (SVOs) promise a reduction in handling complexity and training time for pilots. Designing a usable human–machine interface (HMI) for pilots of SVO-enabled aircraft requires a deep understanding of task and user requirements. This paper describes the results of two user research methods to gather these requirements. First, a traditional Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) mission was examined using a Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA). The findings were used to formulate a theoretical HTA for a single-piloted electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) system in such a scenario. In the second step, qualitative interviews with seven subject matter experts (pilots and paramedic support) in HEMS operations produced vital user requirements for HMI development. Key findings emphasize the necessity of a simplified information presentation and collision avoidance support in the HMI.

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Functional Symbology - Evaluation of task-specific Head-Up Display information for use on a commercial flight deck

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

Seeing through the mist: an evaluation of an iteratively designed head-up display, using a simulated degraded visual environment, to facilitate rotary-wing pilot situation awareness and workload

What Do You Need? Information Requirements and Task Analysis of (Future) Advanced Air Mobility Pilots in the Emergency Medical Service

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