Functional Recovery of Skilled Forelimb Use in Rats Obliged to Use the Impaired Limb after Grafting of the Frontal Cortex Lesion with Homotopic Fetal Cortex

A Delay between Motor Cortex Lesions and Neuronal Transplantation Enhances Graft Integration and Improves Repair and Recovery

“…Data on the functional outcome of embryonic cell transplantation following cerebral cortex lesions in adult rats are equivocal. For instance, Plumet et al (1993) have shown that motor cortex grafts induced partial reduction of deficit in skilled forelimb reaching. In contrast, Kolb et al (1988Kolb et al ( , 1994 did not observe any behavioral recovery after frontal cortex grafts.…”

“…As such, we previously observed that embryonic cortical neurons transplanted in the noninjured adult brain were not able to develop extensive axonal projections as opposed to the robust axonal growth developed by the same cortical progenitors when transplanted in the adult damaged cortex . In addition to the intrinsic capacity of cortical progenitors to develop toward a specific neuronal subtype according to its developmental program (Pinaudeau et al, 2000;Ballout et al, 2016;Gaillard et al, 2007), the environment in which the cells are transplanted thus appears to also strongly influence the graft outcome. Despite the hardly escapable occurrence of a delay between lesion and transplantation in a clinical context, during which the injury site is largely modified, its effects on various aspects of graft development remain largely ignored.…”

Neural Stem Cells: Exogenous and Endogenous Promising Therapies for Stroke

“…Fetal brain tissue transplants have been shown to produce some recovery in animal models of stroke (Mattsson et al, 1999;Nishino et al, 2000;Riolobos et al, 2001), but ethical considerations and a short supply of human fetal tissue limited this approach. As a result, a variety of cell types have been tested in stroke models, they include human bone marrow cells, human umbilical cord blood cells (Chen et al, 2001a;Chen et al, 2001b;Savitz et al, 2002;Zhao et al, 2002), rat trophic factor-secreting kidney cells (Mattsson et al, 1999;Nishino et al, 2000;Riolobos et al, 2001;Savitz et al, 2002), and immortalized cell lines such as the human neuron-like NT2N (hNT) cells (Borlongan et al, 1998;Saporta et al, 1999) and MHP36, an embryonic murine immortalized neuroepithelial cell line (Modo et al, 2002;Veizovic et al, 2001).…”

“…As a result, a variety of cell types have been tested in stroke models, they include human bone marrow cells, human umbilical cord blood cells (Chen et al, 2001a;Chen et al, 2001b;Savitz et al, 2002;Zhao et al, 2002), rat trophic factor-secreting kidney cells (Mattsson et al, 1999;Nishino et al, 2000;Riolobos et al, 2001;Savitz et al, 2002), and immortalized cell lines such as the human neuron-like NT2N (hNT) cells (Borlongan et al, 1998;Saporta et al, 1999) and MHP36, an embryonic murine immortalized neuroepithelial cell line (Modo et al, 2002;Veizovic et al, 2001). In spite of the vast types of transplanted cells employed, they yet need to demonstrate a significant behavioral recovery in animal models of stroke and a longlasting survival of the grafted tissue (Table 3).…”

Abnormalities in skilled reaching movements are improved by peripheral anesthetization of the less-affected forelimb after sensorimotor cortical infarcts in rats

“…Quantitative and qualitative changes in reaching performance were then assessed in each forelimb. To promote improvements in the reaching function of the contralesional forelimb, rats received a period of rehabilitative reach training of this limb, an approach that has previously been found to be effective in improving function [7,13,37,42] and promoting reorganization of movement representations in the peri-lesion cortex [28,36]. The ipsilesional forelimb was then anesthetized to test its effects on reaching performance of the impaired forelimb.…”