Neural Stem Cells: Exogenous and Endogenous Promising Therapies for Stroke

Central Nervous System

“…Transplanted cells must be able to survive and integrate into the host tissue to promote functional tissue repair. Furthermore, endogenous stem cells can be stimulated to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate by biomolecule delivery [30][31][32][33].…”

Harnessing the Potential of Biomaterials for Brain Repair after Stroke

“…In animal models, the time of NSPC activation will vary depending on the type and size of injury, from 5 to 7 days posthypoxic/ischemic injury (Ikeda et al, 2005) and 2 and 6 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion injury . Due to the presence of cytotoxic factors and a lack of supportive ECM, the majority of NSPCs from the SVZ do not survive past 2 weeks (Arvidsson et al, 2002;Parent et al, 2002;Guerra-Crespo et al, 2012) and their ultimate contribution to regeneration is suggested to be minimal (Wernig et al, 2004;Bithell and Williams, 2005;Bliss et al, 2010;Kernie and Parent, 2010). The cells of the SGZ, thought to be primarily neural progenitor cells (NPCs) (Nakatomi et al, 2002), actively regenerate neurons in the granular layer of the adult hippocampus and are activated following an ischemic insult (Lindvall and Kokaia, 2010).…”

“…Stimulating endogenous NSPC populations in the brain requires therapeutics to influence their proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation (Wiltrout et al, 2007;Guerra-Crespo et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2012a). An array of growth factors and cytokines has been found to be important in endogenous NSPC signaling.…”