Functional measurements and mobility restriction (from 3D to 4D scanning)

Analysis of Dimensional Changes in the Lower Limbs During Movement for Sizing and Fit Development

“…Individual's range and speed of motion varies due to factors such as age, gender, health, fitness, and body morphology [10]. Movement as well as the factors that can affect an individual's mobility is often not considered during product development of SCGs [3,11] and the only published research focusing on movement related ease is for woven garments [4,5,6]. Ease is defined as the dimensional difference between the garment and the contour of the body [11], which can either be positive or negative; SCGs have negative ease as the garment is designed to be smaller than the body dimensions.…”

“…Movement as well as the factors that can affect an individual's mobility is often not considered during product development of SCGs [3,11] and the only published research focusing on movement related ease is for woven garments [4,5,6]. Ease is defined as the dimensional difference between the garment and the contour of the body [11], which can either be positive or negative; SCGs have negative ease as the garment is designed to be smaller than the body dimensions. Ease requirements will also vary whilst moving, as the allowance transfers from one area of the garment to another [9].…”

“…In this comparative study, which comprises of two parts, the aim was to identify whether fit and sizing of SCGs can be advanced by understanding the body's realistic dimensional changes during exercise. No published research analyses the body's dimensional changes or range of movement during exercise as a foundation for garment development [11]. To fulfil the aim of this study and test the hypothesis, 3D and 4D scan technologies were used to capture the human body in static and dynamic postures.…”

“…The hypothesis, based on the following literature review, is that results will highlight great differences in muscle proportions between the relaxed and functional postures as well as the 4D dynamic body positions. Therefore, exploring the limitations with using static body measurements captured through 3D body scanning for application in the design of sportswear, and the possibilities of future enhancement utilising 4D motion scanning [11].…”

Study Regarding the Kinematic 3D Human-Body Model Intended for Simulation of Personalized Clothes for a Sitting Posture

“…In the work of Delph S. L. et al [42], it is pointed out that the dynamic simulation of movements enables the software that integrates models describing the anatomy and physiology of the elements of the neuromusculoskeletal system and the mechanics of multijoint movement. Recent trends in 4D-scanning technology predict a major breakthrough in building a kinematic 3D body model that will provide accurate 3D body-mesh deformation and meet the human need for soft-tissue deformations that mirror real humans [43,44]. In the research of Pons-Moll G. et al [43] two technologies to capture and process the data of full bodies in motion, 4D scanning and 4D-mesh alignment, were used to analyse over 40,000 scans of ten subjects.…”