Functional Feed Assessment on Litopenaeus vannamei Using 100% Fish Meal Replacement by Soybean Meal, High Levels of Complex Carbohydrates and Bacillus Probiotic Strains

Abstract

Functional feed supplemented with alternative-economic nutrient sources (protein, carbohydrates, lipids) and probiotics are being considered in shrimp/fish aquaculture production systems as an option to increase yield and profits and to reduce water pollution. In this study the probiotic potential to formulate functional feeds have been evaluated using four dietary treatments: Treatment 1 (B + Bs); Bacillus subtilis potential probiotic strain was supplemented to a soybeanmeal (SBM)—carbohydrates (CHO) basal feed. Treatment 2 (B + Bm); Bacillus megaterium potential probiotic strain was supplemented to the same SBM-CHO basal feed. In Treatment 3 (B); SBM-CHO basal feed was not supplemented with probiotic strains. Treatment 4 (C); fishmeal commercial feed (FM) was utilized as positive control. Feeding trials evaluated the survival, growth, and food conversion ratio and stress tolerance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) Pacific white shrimp. Best overall shrimp performance was observed for animals fed with Treatment 1 (B+Bs); additionally, stress tolerance and hemolymph metabolites also showed the best performance in this treatment. SBM-CHO basal feed not supplemented with probiotic strains (B) presented smaller growth and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR). Shrimps fed with the fishmeal commercial feed (C) presented the lowest stress tolerance to high ammonia and low oxygen levels. Specifically selected B. subtilis strains are recommended to formulate functional and economical feeds containing high levels of vegetable; protein and carbohydrates as main dietary sources in L. vannamei cultures.

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

“…The observation for growth performance also showed that up to 33% of the FM in a practical diet for whiteleg shrimp, reared in biofloc system, could be effectively substituted by the soybean meal (SBM). Previously, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the suitability of various feed ingredients as alternative protein sources for FM; as partial or even total replacement of FM by plant ingredients in the diet of L. vannamei has been reported by several authors (Amaya et al 2007;Suárez et al 2009;Olmos et al 2011;Ye et al 2011;Liu et al 2012;Yue et al 2012;Gu et al 2013;Sá et al 2013;Sookying et al 2013;Kuhn et al 2016;Xie et al 2016). In the present study, application of methionine and lysine in the diet did not significantly influence the growth performance.…”

Nutricional Assessment of Ingredients Used in Pacific White Shrimp Feed

“…In this sense, most complex carbohydrates and proteins are better used by shrimps as main sources of energy (OLMOS et al, 2011).…”

Antibiotics in Aquaculture – Use, Abuse and Alternatives

“…The most studied are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, and Weissella) (Balcazar et al, 2008;Balcázar et al, 2007;Hagi & Hoshino, 2009;Pérez-Sánchez et al, 2011;Vazquez et al, 2005;Villamil et al, 2002), Bacillus (Ai et al, 2011;Antony et al, 2011;Balcázar & Rojas-Luna, 2007;Bandyopadhyay & Das Mohapatra, 2009;Ochoa-Solano & Olmos-Soto, 2006;Liu et al, 2009;Nakayama et al, 2009;Newaj-Fyzul et al, 2007;Olmos et al, 2011;Salinas et al, 2005;Sun et al, 2010;Vaseeharan & Ramasamy, 2003), Vibrio (Fjellheim et al, 2007;Thompson et al, 2010), Pseudomonas (Abd El-Rhman et al, 2009;Chythanya, 2002;Das et al, 2006;Preetha et al, 2007;Ström-Bestor, Wiklund, 2011), and Aeromonas (Irianto et al, 2003;Lategan et al, 2006;. Yeasts (Saccharomyces, Debaryomyces) (Abdeltawwab et al, 2008;Reyes-Becerril et al, 2008;Tovar-Ramírez et al, 2010), bacterial spore formers (Hong et al, 2005) and recently Actinobacteria have also generated interest due to their high metabolic potential (Das et al, 2010;You et al, 2007).…”