Functional Attributes of Myco-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Endophytic Fungi: A New Implication in Biomedical Applications

Abstract

To develop a benign nanomaterial from biogenic sources, we have attempted to formulate and fabricate silver nanoparticles synthesized from the culture filtrate of an endophytic fungus Penicillium oxalicum strain LA-1 (PoAgNPs). The synthesized PoAgNPs were exclusively characterized through UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The synthesized nanoparticles showed strong absorbance around 430 nm with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and exhibited a face-centered cubic crystalline nature in XRD analysis. Proteins presented in the culture filtrate acted as reducing, capping, and stabilization agents to form PoAgNPs. TEM analysis revealed the generation of polydispersed spherical PoAgNPs with an average size of 52.26 nm. The PoAgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens. The PoAgNPs induced a dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231), and apoptotic morphological changes were observed by dual staining. Additionally, PoAgNPs demonstrated better larvicidal activity against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Moreover, the hemolytic test indicated that the as-synthesized PoAgNPs are a safe and biocompatible nanomaterial with versatile bio-applications.

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Polianthes tuberosa L. Floral Extract

“…The MCF 7 breast cancer cell line was employed to address the cytotoxic potential of the PtubAuNPs [17]. The MCF 7 cells were procured from the National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS) Pune, and grown in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and maintained at 37 • C, 5% CO 2 , 95% air, and 100% relative humidity.…”

Trichoderma-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities

“…Myconanotechnology is a term that combines mycology and nanotechnology [ 9 ], and it offers a lot of potential in nanoparticle synthesis [ 10 ]. As it is simple to grow fungi in bulk and the extracellular release of enzymes provides an advantage in downstream processing, the production of nanoparticles employing fungi has drawn a lot of attention.…”

Green synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Fusarium nygamai isolate AJTYC1: characterizations, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities and cytogenetic effects

“…In addition, Erdogan et al ( 2019 ) referred to the mitochondria-mediated caspase apoptosis as one of AgNPs’ inhibitory mechanisms for cancer cell growth. The generation of ROS, followed by the breakdown of intracellular organelles, which eventually results in apoptosis, is how AgNPs carry out their mechanistic function (Seetharaman et al 2021 ). Smaller NPs might enter cells without significant endocytosis, spread throughout the cytoplasm, and result in mitochondrial DNA damage and cell death (Rudrappa et al 2023 ).…”

“…The process for producing biological nanoparticles uses organisms like bacteria, actinomycetes, fungus, algae, and plants (Pandit et al 2022 ). Compared to the chemical and physical approaches, the biological method, or green synthesis of NPs, is more efficient, environmentally benign, more widely available, and less expensive (Seetharaman et al 2021 ). NPs can be produced by fungi, plants, and microorganisms through extracellular and intracellular processes.…”