Fully-printed and silicon free self-powered electrochromic biosensors: Towards naked eye quantification

From Traditional to Novel Printed Electrochromic Devices: Material, Structure and Device

“…To solve this problem, tin oxide materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) were chosen to form screen-printed transparent electrodes. Nevertheless, due to the high cost of the preparation of the tin-oxide-based thin films, other transparent materials should be taken into consideration [26,67].…”

“…high cost of the preparation of the tin-oxide-based thin films, other transparent materials should be taken into consideration [26,67].…”

“…Comparing with the conventional technologies, such as drop-casting, spray coating or spin, which are deficient in terms of reduced paint usage, deposition on large substrates and improved accuracy, printed electrochromic device offers the advantages of low cost as well as resource saving, flexibility and large area production. The two important components of printed electronic technology are printing method and conductive ink [23][24][25][26]. There are three commonly used printing processes in the previous phase, screen printing, inkjet printing, and 3D printing.…”

Bipolar Electrode‐based Electrochromic Devices for Analytical Applications – A Review

“…Depending on their modifications, BPE‐based electrochromic biosensors can be used to detect various useful biomarkers, with glucose commonly used as the model analyte [61, 63, 65]. Earlier biosensor versions offered more qualitative analysis capabilities than quantitative analysis capabilities; however, advances in materials research and technology have led to BPE‐based electrochromic biosensors with quantitative capabilities [68].…”

ITO Conductive Ink: Advances in Materials, Preparation, and Potential Sensor Applications

“…The current era has witnessed the advent of portable electronics and the significant development of flexible wearable electronic devices. These remarkable developments have provided a novel direction to the electronic industry with a tremendous attention being laid on printed electronics technology (PET) [1][2][3][4]. PET is a technology for manufacturing electronic devices wherein electronic components and circuits are manufactured by deposition of conductive inks onto a substrate [5].…”