Bipolar Electrode‐based Electrochromic Devices for Analytical Applications – A Review

Fakhruddin, Siti Masturah binti; Ino, Kosuke; Inoue, Kumi Y.; Nashimoto, Yuji; Shiku, Hitoshi

doi:10.1002/elan.202100153

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…Coupled with the ease of functionalization on NPs, this could have great intracellular sensing application. Previous BPEbased biosensors often require cell lysis with analytes and then placed onto BPEs 63 or the piercing of individual cells with a nanopipette, 27 whereas the use of EIS as shown herein would allow for noninvasive live monitoring of intracellular BPEs for the first time. Further optimization could allow the generation of useful currents at the BPEs for actuation applications.…”

Section: Acsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedimetric Characterization of Bipolar Nanoelectrodes with Cancer Cells

et al. 2021

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Merging of electronics with biology, defined as bioelectronics, at the nanoscale holds considerable promise for sensing and modulating cellular behavior. Advancing our understanding of nanobioelectronics will facilitate development and enable applications in biosensing, tissue engineering, and bioelectronic medicine. However, studies investigating the electrical effects when merging wireless conductive nanoelectrodes with biology are lacking. Consequently, a tool is required to develop a greater understanding of merging conductive nanoparticles with cells. Herein, this challenge is addressed by developing an impedimetric method to evaluate bipolar electrode (BPE) systems that could report on electrical input. A theoretical framework is provided, using impedance to determine if conductive nanoparticles can be polarized and used to drive current. It is then demonstrated that 125 nm of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) bipolar electrodes (BPEs) could be sensed in the presence of cells when incorporated intracellularly at 500 μg/mL using water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as electrolytes. These results highlight how nanoscale BPEs act within biological systems. This research will impact the rational design of using BPE systems in cells for both sensing and actuating applications.

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Section: Acsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedimetric Characterization of Bipolar Nanoelectrodes with Cancer Cells

et al. 2021

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“…While for the QDs/S 2 O 8 2− ECL system, electro‐chemiluminescence is usually generated during cathodic potential scans. Electrochromic reactions involve color change of chemical species induced by electrochemical reactions [22,23] . Electrochromic system usually shows low sensitivity because it does not contain any luminescent reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochromic reactions involve color change of chemical species induced by electrochemical reactions. [22,23] Electrochromic system usually shows low sensitivity because it does not contain any luminescent reactions. Besides, it has lower temporal resolution due to the long-time color change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed Bipolar Electrode Array for Optical Reporting Reaction‐Coupled Electrochemical Sensing and Imaging

Qin

Gao

Jin

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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This review centers on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) array using an electro-fluorochromism (EFC) or electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reaction as the reporting reaction. Electrochemical signals at one pole of the closed BPE array can be transduced into the EFC or ECL signals at the opposite pole. Therefore, the current signal of a redox reaction can be easily detected and imaged by monitoring the luminescence signal. Recent developments in closed BPE array-based EFC and ECL sensing and imaging are summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, we consider the challenges and opportunities for improving the spatial resolution of closed BPE arraybased electrochemical imaging, and emphasize the important application of this technique to the imaging of cellular activities at the single-cell level.

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“…Bipolar electrochemistry (11) has attracted much attention because of its advantages in analytical tools, (12) electrosynthesis, (13) and biofabrications. (14) A BPE is a conducting material in a solution with electrolytes, with a pair of driving electrodes placed in the solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%