Fully distributed peer-to-peer optimal voltage control with minimal model requirements

Ortmann, Lukas; Prostejovsky, Alexander; Heussen, Kai; Bolognani, Saverio

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106717

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A small yet realistic distribution feeder has been configured in order to observe an overvoltage condition caused by local generation. The same setup was used in [19] to analyze a distributed FO controller for the Volt/VAr problem. Without proper reactive power control, the feeder's ability to host renewable energy injections is limited and generation has to be curtailed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Validation of Feedback Optimization in Power Distribution Grids

Ortmann,

Hauswirth,

Caduff

et al. 2019

Preprint

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We consider the problem of controlling the voltage of a distribution feeder using the reactive power capabilities of inverters. On a real distribution grid, we compare local Volt/VAr droop control, as recommended in recent grid codes, centralized dispatch based on optimal reactive power flow (OPF), and a feedback optimization (FO) controller that we propose. The local droop control yields suboptimal regulation, as predicted analytically. The OPF-based dispatch strategy requires an accurate grid model and measurement of all loads on the feeder in order to achieve proper voltage regulation. However, in the experiment, the OPF-based strategy violates voltage constraints due to inevitable model mismatch and uncertainties. Our proposed FO controller, on the other hand, satisfies the constraints and does not require load measurements or any grid state estimation. The only model knowledge needed is the sensitivity of the voltages with respect to reactive power, which can be obtained from data. As we show, an approximation of these sensitivities is also sufficient, which makes the approach essentially model-free, easy to tune, compatible with the current sensing and control infrastructure, and remarkably robust to measurement noise. We expect these properties to be fundamental features of FO for power systems and not specific to Volt/VAr regulation or to distribution grids.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Validation of Feedback Optimization in Power Distribution Grids

Ortmann,

Hauswirth,

Caduff

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…While the above-mentioned control schemes can provide average voltage regulation, they may result in large deviations in the individual voltages of the IBRs, violating the limits provided by grid standards, e.g., IEEE 1547 [36]. Therefore, in many applications, constraining the individual voltages within limits (voltage containment) seems to be a more practical objective [34], [35], [37], [38]. In [34], [37], the problem is formulated as an optimization problem, and some controllers based on the primal-dual gradient method are developed.…”

Section: A Literature Review and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in many applications, constraining the individual voltages within limits (voltage containment) seems to be a more practical objective [34], [35], [37], [38]. In [34], [37], the problem is formulated as an optimization problem, and some controllers based on the primal-dual gradient method are developed. However, these methods require knowledge of the grid model and exchange a relatively large amount of information among the IBRs.…”

Section: A Literature Review and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The works in [7]- [19] have studied either regulation of the individual IBR voltages or reactive power sharing, but not both, while none of the papers in [7]- [33] have considered the operational IBR voltage limits. The accuracy of reactive power sharing and voltage regulation/containment under the proposed controllers in [20]- [25], [34], [35], [37], [38], depends strongly on the choice of control parameters such that if not properly designed, even when steady-state reactive power sharing under voltage limits is possible, these controllers may not provide it. Finally, a rigorous study of stability and synchronization of the power network considering the coupling between angle and voltage dynamics is absent in the above works.…”

Section: A Literature Review and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed Optimization for Reactive Power Sharing and Stability of Inverter-Based Resources Under Voltage Limits

Abdolmaleki¹,

Simpson-Porco²,

Bergna-Diaz³

2023

Preprint

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Reactive power sharing and containment of voltages within limits for inverter-based resources (IBRs) are two important, yet coupled objectives in ac networks. In this article, we propose a distributed control technique to simultaneously achieve these objectives. Our controller consists of two components: a purely local nonlinear integral controller which adjusts the IBR voltage setpoint, and a distributed primal-dual optimizer that coordinates reactive power sharing between the IBRs. The controller prioritizes the voltage containment objective over reactive power sharing at all points in time; excluding the IBRs with saturated voltages, it provides reactive power sharing among all the IBRs. Considering the voltage saturation and the coupling between voltage and angle dynamics, a formal closed-loop stability analysis based on singular perturbation theory is provided, yielding practical tuning guidance for the overall control system. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller for different case studies, we apply it to a low-voltage microgrid and a microgrid adapted from the CIGRE medium-voltage network benchmark, both simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

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“…Consensus‐based control of distributed generators to minimize frequency deviation has been addressed in [5]. Fully distributed peer‐to‐peer optimal voltage control with minimal model requirements in a real distribution grid has been discussed in [6]. Centralized control of DC‐linked hybrid MGs has been explored in [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust decentralized control of interval DC linked hybrid microgrids network

Nabi

Seyedtabaii

2022

IET Control Theory & Appl

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Here, a robust sparse decentralized controller (RSDC) for uncertain DC-linked hybrid microgrids is designed. The robustness against load/generation uncertainty is guaranteed using Kharitonov's stability criteria and sparsity is promoted by appending an l 1 term to the typical Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). To improve the convergence rate, the differentiable term of the composite cost function is second order approximated, the coordinate descent technique is adopted, and the "active set" idea which limits the search to the effective regions is employed. In addition, the level of sparsity is automatically and optimally adjusted not to compromise the system's stability and robustness. The algorithm is applied to a 69-bus (consist of 7 hybrid microgrid) distribution system and the controller sparsity percentage, design convergence rate, and performances are compared with the H 2 and H ∞ designs. The results indicate that the proposed method is superior to the others in all aspects, which are presented by the numerical indices, the time-domain transient responses, and the closed-loop poles map.

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Fully distributed peer-to-peer optimal voltage control with minimal model requirements

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Experimental Validation of Feedback Optimization in Power Distribution Grids

Experimental Validation of Feedback Optimization in Power Distribution Grids

Distributed Optimization for Reactive Power Sharing and Stability of Inverter-Based Resources Under Voltage Limits

Robust decentralized control of interval DC linked hybrid microgrids network

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