Fuel Flexibility in LM2500 and LM6000 Dry Low Emission Engines

Blouch, J. D.; Li, Hejie; Mueller, Mark W.; Hook, Richard

doi:10.1115/1.4004213

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Flashback and flameholding did occur when 90% H 2 was added [2] and it was possible to operate with such high H 2 level with carefully control through pilot split and modification of operation parameter, for example, flame temperature. Generally flameholding increases as more H 2 is added, due to higher reactivity of the fuel, which causes burner metal temperature to increase [4].…”

Section: Hydrogen Enriched MCV Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased flameholding is another issue [4] with more C 3 H 8 in the fuel due to higher reactivity and fuel density of the fuel, which causes the burner metal temperature to increase. Also, the higher density of fuel resulted in lower fuel jet velocity, affecting fuel and air mixing.…”

Section: Hcv Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, the extension to the standard natural gas fuel range is considered. The considerations for such non-standard fuels for industrial gas turbine combustion systems are the robustness of the combustor to auto-ignition, flashback, acceptable combustion dynamic pressure amplitude and emissions and neutral flameholding [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Change in Fuel Compositions and Heating Value on Ignition and Performance for Siemens SGT-400 Dry Low Emission Combustion System

Liu

Martin

Sanderson

et al. 2013

Volume 1A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of changes in fuel composition and heating value on the performance of an industrial gas turbine combustor was investigated. The combustor tested was a single cannular combustor for Siemens SGT-400 13.4 MW dry low emission (DLE) engine. Ignition, engine starting, emissions, combustion dynamics and flash back through burner metal temperature monitoring were among the parameters investigated to evaluate the impact of fuel flexibility on combustor performance. Lean ignition and extinction limits were measured for three fuels with different heat values in term of Wobbe Index (WI): 25, 28.9 and 45 MJ/Sm3 (natural gas). The test results show that the air fuel ratio (AFR) at lean ignition/extinction limits decreases and the margin between the two limits tends to be smaller as fuel heat value decreases. Engine start tests were also performed with a lower heating value fuel and results were found to be comparable to those for engine starting with natural gas. The combustor was further tested in a high pressure air facility at real engine operating conditions with different fuels covering WIs from 17.5 to 70 MJ/Sm3. The variation in fuel composition and heating value was achieved in a gas mixing plant by blending natural gas with CO2, CO, N2 and H2 (for the fuel with WI lower than natural gas) and C3H8 (for the fuel with WI higher than natural gas). Test results show that a benefit in NOx reduction can be seen for the lower WI fuels without H2 presence in the fuel and there are no adverse impacts on combustor performance except for the requirement of higher fuel supply pressure, however, this can be easily resolved by minor modification through the fuel injection design. Test results for the H2 enriched and higher WI fuels show that NOx, combustion dynamics and flash back have been adversely affected and major change in burner design is required. For the H2 enriched fuel, the effect of CO and H2 on combustor performance was also investigated for the fuels having a fixed WI of 29 MJ/Sm3. It is found that H2 dominates the adverse impact on combustor performance. The chemical kinetic study shows that H2 has significant effect on flame speed change and CO has significant effect on flame temperature change. Although the tests were performed on the Siemens SGT-400 combustion system, the results provide general guidance for the challenge of industrial gas turbine burner design for fuel flexibility.

show abstract

Section: Hydrogen Enriched MCV Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hcv Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Change in Fuel Compositions and Heating Value on Ignition and Performance for Siemens SGT-400 Dry Low Emission Combustion System

Liu

Martin

Sanderson

et al. 2013

Volume 1A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both central and pilot jets are further surrounded by a large-diameter coflow of H 2 –air combustion products to prevent the quenching and dilution effects of ambient-air entrainment from affecting the central combustion process. Such configuration of a LPM central jet piloted by a stoichiometric annular flame mimics LPM gas-turbine combustors utilizing dual annular counter-rotating swirlers (DACRS) premixers, − but without the complications of swirl and flow recirculation. Two-dimensional Rayleigh–PLIF (OH) and LDV measurements were conducted to demonstrate that the PPJB design provides efficient stabilization for flames with intense shearing and significant finite-rate chemistry, such as the conditions encountered in highly turbulent LPM combustion systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Lean Extinction of Premixed Flames Stabilized on Conductive Perforated Plates

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The structure and lean extinction of premixed liquefied petroleum gas–air flames seated on conductive perforated plates were examined experimentally, with focus on the effects of plate material, thickness, and hole diameter. The lean extinction limit was determined by gradually reducing the fuel-flow rate for a given air-flow rate, until extinction occurred. Flame structure was quantified by mapping the local mean temperature and species concentrations and by imaging the average visual length of the flame plume. Pyrometer measurements of the temperature of the upper plate surface were made to estimate the heat transfer through the plate. It was found that the flames stabilized on plates with higher thermal conductivity were shorter and more stable (i.e., have lower lean extinction limits). This was attributed to preheating of fresh reactant mixture by greater heat transfer through the plate. Increasing the hole diameter (percentage open area) was found to enhance flame stability by reducing the reactant jet velocity for a given flow rate of reactant mixture. Heat transfer through the plate deteriorated with increasing hole size. However, the positive effect of smaller jet velocity on flame stability overpowered the negative effect of reduced heat transfer, and the net result was enhanced stability with larger hole sizes. Plate thickness, on the other hand, was found to have a weak effect on flame stability and structure. Thicker plates showed slightly better stability characteristics because of greater heat transfer through them. Nonetheless, plate heat transfer did not affect flame stability as significantly as jet velocity did.

show abstract

“…BOT is calculated using Cantera code in the method described by Blouch et al [2]. Carbon-free .syngas that can be over 90% H2 by volume, depending on the capture rate, is more reactive than natural gas by an order of magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Testing of a Low NOx Hydrogen Combustion System for Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines

York¹,

Ziminsky²,

Yilmaz

2013

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interest in hydrogen as a primary fuel stream in heavy-duty gas turbine engines has increased as precombustion carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) has become a viable option for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. The U.S. Department of Energy has funded the Advanced IGCC I Hydrogen Gas Turbine Program since 2005 with an aggressive plant-level NO^ target of 2 ppm at 15% O2for an advanced gas turbine cycle. Approaching this NO^ level with highly reactive hydrogen fuel at the conditions required is a formidable challenge that requires novel combustion technology. This study begins by measuring entitlement NO^ emissions from perfectly premixed combustion of the high-hydrogen fuels of interest. A new premixing fuel injector for highhydrogen fuels was designed to balance reliable flashback-free operation, reasonable pressure drop, and low emissions. The concept relies on small-scale jet-in-crossflow mixing that is a departure from traditional swirl-based premixing concepts. Single nozzle rig experiments were conducted at pressures of 10 atm and 17 atm, with air preheat temperatures of about 650 K. With nitrogen-diluted hydrogen fuel, characteristic of carbon-free syngas, stable operation without flashback was conducted up to flame temperatures of approximately 1850 K. In addition to the effects of pressure, ihe impacts of nitrogen dilution levels and amounts of minor constituents in ihe fuel-carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane-on flame holding in the premixer are presented. The new fuel injector concept has been incorporated into a full-scale, multinozzle combustor can with an energy conversion rate of more than 10 MW at F-class conditions. The full-can testing was conducted at full gas turbine conditions and various fuel compositions of hydrogen, natural gas, and nitrogen. This combustion system has accumulated over 100 h of fired testing at full load with hydrogen comprising over 90% of the reactants by volume. NOê missions (ppm) have been measured in the single digits with hydrogen-nitrogen fuel at target gas turbine pressure and temperatures. Results of the testing show that small-scale fuel-air mixing can deliver a reliable, low-NO^ solution to hydrogen combustion in advanced gas turbines.

show abstract

Fuel Flexibility in LM2500 and LM6000 Dry Low Emission Engines

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Change in Fuel Compositions and Heating Value on Ignition and Performance for Siemens SGT-400 Dry Low Emission Combustion System

Effect of Change in Fuel Compositions and Heating Value on Ignition and Performance for Siemens SGT-400 Dry Low Emission Combustion System

Structure and Lean Extinction of Premixed Flames Stabilized on Conductive Perforated Plates

Development and Testing of a Low NOx Hydrogen Combustion System for Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About