In this work, a historical
controversy of more than 200 years is
settled by the study of the oldest preserved Argentinian flag. The
results of the present work reinforce the hypothesis of a number of
historians who consider it to be the first flag that was originally
hoisted on February 27, 1812, on the banks of the Paraná River.
The work consists of a study of the original textile. Through chemical
analysis and implementation of different types of analyses, techniques,
and spectroscopies such as UV–vis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance
spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy, and resonance Raman, the original characteristics
of the flag of Macha were determined. The flag was colored with indigotin
from Europe (from Isatis tinctoria) and made of silk; it is white,
blue, and white in a horizontal arrangement. It was not treated with
tin, and its blue color was subsequently adopted by the Central American
Confederation and later by various states of Central America. According
to related contemporaneous stories, its preservation was due to the
watchfulness of the patriots.