Fruit Trees

Apport du polymorphisme alloenzymatique à l'identification variétale de l'olivier (Olea europaea L)

“…Jusqu'à présent, chez l'olivier, les travaux utilisant l'électrophorèse enzymatique pour l'identification variétale ont concerné les phénotypes isozymiques du pollen (Pontikis et al, 1980 ;Trujillo et al, 1990 (Torres, 1983 Legendre, 1979 ;Roux, 1985). Les Tisserat, 1980 ;Torres, 1983).…”

“…Les Tisserat, 1980 ;Torres, 1983). Ainsi, malgré une domestication intensive depuis l'Antiquité, l'olivier cultivé possède un polymorphisme important et des ressources génétiques encore exploitables, comme cela a été trouvé chez d'autres espèces d'arbres à longue durée de vie (Hamrick et al, 1979 0,85,0,67,0,64,0,50,0,33,0,62,0,80 (Pontikis et al, 1980 ;Trujillo et al, 1990).…”

Marker-assisted selection

“…Whole genome selection offers an excellent opportunity for the introgression of new genes within a reasonable time span and with population sizes per generation limited to a few hundred individuals. An important effort has been made during the last decade for the development of isozyme markers in woody perennials (Mitton, 1983;Torres, 1983;Hauagge et al, 1987;Lee and Ellstrand, 1987). This effort should continue now with the development of RFLP-saturated maps, which will allow the breeder to realize all the potential of marker-assisted selection in this important group of species.…”

“…This occurs because their long intergeneration period (i.e. juvenility in fruit trees lasts usually from five to seven years (Torres, 1983» makes it too long a process involving more than two or three generations. The gene pool that tree breeders can use is generally restricted to the cultivated species.…”

Genetic analysis of isoenzyme phenotypes using single tree progenies

“…For one, analysis of their tissue usually requires special extraction techniques (Torres, 1983; Arulsekar et a!., 1983). Furthermore, analysis of the triploid endosperm depends upon the detectability of allele dosage differences (Schoen, 1979(Schoen, , 1980.…”