Fructooligosaccharides on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response: a systematic review

Abstract

Context Evidence shows that fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) can modulate inflammatory, oxidative, and immune activity in the gut, possibly leading to a systemic response, improving human health. Objective To assess the present knowledge of the effects of FOSs on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response. Data Sources Studies published between December 2000 and January 2020 were systematically searched in four databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus. After the screening of 1316 articles, 8 human studies and 20 animal models were included. Data Extraction Data were extracted separately by 2 reviewers. For each study, the design, population, exposures, main results, and conclusion were extracted. The research questions and the risk-of-bias information were also extracted. Additionally, the risk-of-bias were analyzed to guarantee the reliability of this review. Data Analysis A qualitative analysis revealed that FOSs can increase bifidobacteria counts and short-chain fatty acids in the gut, stimulate IgA secretion in the colon, and decrease proinflammatory cytokines, thus influencing metabolic diseases. Conclusion Studies suggest that FOS supplementation is positively associated with an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, thus enhancing the gut immune system, which may be beneficial for the host’s health. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration nos 42020209865 and 42020220369.

The effects and significance of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the regulation of osteoarthritis: Close coordination of gut-bone axis

“…Hence, especially for the obesity-related OA (mainly manifested as an inflammatory reaction process), which is related to the obesity-related GM dysregulation, and could restore a healthy microbial community via the use of indigestible prebiotic fiber Fructooligosaccharides . Fructooligosaccharides can induce the alterations in the abundance of key microorganisms in obese individuals, decrease the response characteristics of colon macrophages, reduce the systemic and joint inflammation, protect the articular cartilage, and further alleviate the progression of OA ( 146 , 147 ). Thus, more and more evidence has revealed that the supplementation of probiotics and prebiotics could reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cartilage-degrading factors in several joint tissues, enhance the production of anti-inflammatory factors and cartilage matrix synthesis cytokines, so as to inhibit combined inflammation and cartilage destruction, and alleviate the development process of OA.…”

Gluco‐oligosaccharides as potential prebiotics: Synthesis, purification, structural characterization, and evaluation of prebiotic effect

“…Because the structure and composition of HMOs are not easily reproduced on large scale, oligosaccharides with simpler structures have been developed to mimic the health benefits of HMOs, which are named as nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) (Gibson et al., 2017). As shown in Table 1, a range of NDOs have been developed for prebiotic purpose, including the well‐demonstrated fructo‐ and galacto‐oligosaccharides (FOS and GOS) (Ambrogi et al., 2021; Costa et al., 2022; Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2018; Hughes et al., 2022) and other potential prebiotic candidates, such as xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS) (Santibanez et al., 2021), manno‐oligosaccharides (Jana et al., 2021), pectic oligosaccharides (Wongkaew et al., 2022), and raffinose family oligosaccharides (Elango et al., 2022; Stadnicka et al., 2020). These oligosaccharides vary significantly in monosaccharide units, degree of polymerization (DP), and glycosidic linkages; therefore, their non‐digestibility, selective fermentability, and potential health benefits can be quite different.…”

Effects of fructooligosaccharides andSaccharomyces boulardiion the compositional structure and metabolism of gut microbiota in students

“…So far, FOS have shown good effects in many animal and human models. For example, it has been demonstrated that FOS can selectively promote the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestinal tract (9) and also reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-γ to regulate intestinal immunity (10). In addition, FOS can also prevent oxidation and enable blood glucose homeostasis (11, 12).…”