The effects and significance of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the regulation of osteoarthritis: Close coordination of gut-bone axis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative disease of articular cartilage in middle-aged and older individuals, which can result in the joint pain and dysfunction, and even cause the joint deformity or disability. With the enhancing process of global aging, OA has gradually become a major public health problem worldwide. Explaining pathogenesis of OA is critical for the development of new preventive and therapeutic interventions. In recent years, gut microbiota (GM) has been generally regarded as a “multifunctional organ,” which is closely relevant with a variety of immune, metabolic and inflammatory functions. Meanwhile, more and more human and animal researches have indicated the existence of gut-bone axis and suggested that GM and its metabolites are closely involved in the pathogenic process of OA, which might become a potential and promising intervention target. Based on the close coordination of gut-bone axis, this review aims to summarize and discuss the mechanisms of GM and its metabolites influencing OA from the aspects of the intestinal mucosal barrier modulation, intestinal metabolites modulation, immune modulation and strategies for the prevention or treatment of OA based on perspectives of GM and its metabolites, thus providing a profound knowledge and recognition of it.

Dietary Isoquercetin Ameliorates Bone Loss via Restoration of the Gut Microbiota and Lipopolysaccharide-Triggered Inflammatory Status in Ovariectomy Mice

“…The gut–bone signaling axis has become increasingly evident as a major contributor to bone health. , The gut microbiota contributing to bone mass has been proved by germ-free mice . The concept of “osteomicrobiology” has been gradually proposed to emphasize the gut–bone signaling axis. , In this study, an OVX mouse model with osteoporosis was established, and dietary IQ was able to effectively improve the disruption of intestinal flora and gut barrier function caused by OVX.…”

The mechanism of palmatine-mediated intestinal flora and host metabolism intervention in OA-OP comorbidity rats

“…A growing number of studies have shown that an imbalance in intestinal homeostasis may induce several extrenteral immune and metabolic diseases (such as osteoporosis, OA, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus) ( 37 – 39 ). The intestinal flora is a key factor in activating and maintaining intestinal physiological functions and plays an indelible role in maintaining the health and homeostasis of the host ( 7 ). In recent years, an increasing number of human and animal studies have indicated the presence of the gut axis and recognized that the gut joint axis and gastrointestinal microbiome-induced immune and inflammatory responses play an important role in joint health ( 40 ).…”

“…Therefore, both diseases are described as age-related. Due to the high prevalence of OA and OP and their heavy burden on patients and the function of social medical services, OA and OP have gradually become an ongoing focus in current scientific research ( 7 ). Studies have shown that both OA and OP are closely related to the equilibrium state of the gut microenvironment, suggesting a potentially important factor imbalance in the gut microbiota ( 8 ).…”

Boron-containing compounds in Dentistry: a narrative review

“…In the future, diet, fecal transplantation, and future therapies targeting the microbiota are estimated to be approached in all diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Consequently, diet control (especially foods with low gluten content and enriched in indigestible B) could open new scientific horizons in the occurrence and monitoring of OA pathology [ 6 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. More and more studies have shown that the reduced buffering capacity of saliva is related to periodontal disease and caries.…”