Frontoparietal activity with minimal decision and control in the awake macaque at 7 T

Stoewer, S; Ku, Shih-Pi; Goense, Jozien; Steudel, T; Logothetis, Nikos K.; Duncan, John; Sigala, Natasha

doi:10.1016/j.mri.2009.12.024

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Processing these datasets with the algorithm laid out in the methods section markedly improved the quality of the datasets which could then be analyzed in a conventional way. In another paper we have demonstrated the extension of the single subject analysis methods outlined in this study to group datasets [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It allows more efficient use of acquired animal data, thereby reducing the number of scans needed. Elements of this approach have been laid out in earlier work [3], [11], [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multi-shot imaging [37] has likewise been successfully used to reduce image distortion at high field, in awake animals [11], [17], [38], and in anaesthetized preparations with up to 16 segments [38]–[40]. Still, given the short trial durations that monkeys can be trained to tolerate without reward, using a multi-shot imaging sequence with more than 2 shots (like one of the sample datasets used here) reduces the efficiency by increasing the intervolume time, and thus considerably reducing the number of samples within a trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The animals had to perform sequences of tasks (trials) that consisted of the following components: to remain still and maintain visual fixation before and during the presentation of a sequence of six familiar fractal images; after stimulus presentation, the animals were required to stay still for a period of 8–10 s before reward delivery (a droplet of fruit juice). Trials in which movement was detected by the motion sensors were instantly aborted (for detailed task and trial information see [11]). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We acquired functional data in runs of 5 minutes each. More detailed information about the animals, implants, MR system & coils [13], training, task, motion sensors and imaging protocol is provided in [3] and [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Analysis Approach for High-Field fMRI Data from Awake Non-Human Primates

et al. 2012

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fMRI experiments with awake non-human primates (NHP) have seen a surge of applications in recent years. However, the standard fMRI analysis tools designed for human experiments are not optimal for analysis of NHP fMRI data collected at high fields. There are several reasons for this, including the trial-based nature of NHP experiments, with inter-trial periods being of no interest, and segmentation artefacts and distortions that may result from field changes due to movement. We demonstrate an approach that allows us to address some of these issues consisting of the following steps: 1) Trial-based experimental design. 2) Careful control of subject movement. 3) Computer-assisted selection of trials devoid of artefacts and animal motion. 4) Nonrigid between-trial and rigid within-trial realignment of concatenated data from temporally separated trials and sessions. 5) Linear interpolation of inter-trial intervals and high-pass filtering of temporally continuous data 6) Removal of interpolated data and reconcatenation of datasets before statistical analysis with SPM. We have implemented a software toolbox, fMRI Sandbox (http://code.google.com/p/fmri-sandbox/), for semi-automated application of these processing steps that interfaces with SPM software. Here, we demonstrate that our methodology provides significant improvements for the analysis of awake monkey fMRI data acquired at high-field. The method may also be useful for clinical applications with subjects that are unwilling or unable to remain motionless for the whole duration of a functional scan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It allows more efficient use of acquired animal data, thereby reducing the number of scans needed. Elements of this approach have been laid out in earlier work [3], [11], [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Analysis Approach for High-Field fMRI Data from Awake Non-Human Primates

et al. 2012

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Rapid cognitive flexibility of rhesus macaques performing psychophysical task-switching

2013

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Three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) performed a simultaneous chaining task in which stimuli had to be sorted according to their visual properties. Each stimulus could vary independently along two dimensions (luminosity and radius), and a cue indicating which dimension to sort by was random trial to trial. These rapid and unpredictable changes constitute a task-switching paradigm, in which subjects must encode task demands and shift to whichever task-set is presently activated. In contrast to the widely reported task-switching delay observed in human studies, our subjects show no appreciable reduction in reaction times following a switch in the task requirements. Also, in contrast to the results of studies on human subjects, monkeys experienced enduring interference from trial-irrelevant stimulus features, even after exhaustive training. These results are consistent with a small but growing body of evidence that task-switching in rhesus macaques differs in basic ways from the pattern of behavior reported in studies of human cognition. Given the importance of task-switching paradigms in cognitive and clinical assessment, and the frequency with which corresponding animal models rely on non-human primates, understanding these differences in behavior is essential to the comparative study of cognitive impairment.

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The role of the insula in intuitive expert bug detection in computer code: an fMRI study

Castelhano

Duarte

Ferreira

et al. 2018

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Software programming is a complex and relatively recent human activity, involving the integration of mathematical, recursive thinking and language processing. The neural correlates of this recent human activity are still poorly understood. Error monitoring during this type of task, requiring the integration of language, logical symbol manipulation and other mathematical skills, is particularly challenging. We therefore aimed to investigate the neural correlates of decision-making during source code understanding and mental manipulation in professional participants with high expertise. The present fMRI study directly addressed error monitoring during source code comprehension, expert bug detection and decision-making. We used C code, which triggers the same sort of processing irrespective of the native language of the programmer. We discovered a distinct role for the insula in bug monitoring and detection and a novel connectivity pattern that goes beyond the expected activation pattern evoked by source code understanding in semantic language and mathematical processing regions. Importantly, insula activity levels were critically related to the quality of error detection, involving intuition, as signalled by reported initial bug suspicion, prior to final decision and bug detection. Activity in this salience network (SN) region evoked by bug suspicion was predictive of bug detection precision, suggesting that it encodes the quality of the behavioral evidence. Connectivity analysis provided evidence for top-down circuit "reutilization" stemming from anterior cingulate cortex (BA32), a core region in the SN that evolved for complex error monitoring such as required for this type of recent human activity. Cingulate (BA32) and anterolateral (BA10) frontal regions causally modulated decision processes in the insula, which in turn was related to activity of math processing regions in early parietal cortex. In other words, earlier brain regions used during evolution for other functions seem to be reutilized in a top-down manner for a new complex function, in an analogous manner as described for other cultural creations such as reading and literacy.

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Frontoparietal activity with minimal decision and control in the awake macaque at 7 T

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

An Analysis Approach for High-Field fMRI Data from Awake Non-Human Primates

An Analysis Approach for High-Field fMRI Data from Awake Non-Human Primates

Rapid cognitive flexibility of rhesus macaques performing psychophysical task-switching

The role of the insula in intuitive expert bug detection in computer code: an fMRI study

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