From Materials to Devices: Graphene toward Practical Applications

Abstract

ered the superconductivity phenomenon of magic angle of double-layer graphene, which opened a new chapter of research. Groundbreaking theoretical researches on graphene have emerged in a short period of more than ten years.Graphene is the hardest and thinnest material among 2D materials, [3] with very high light transmittance, high electron mobility, good thermal conductivity, and the ability to carry high current density. Based on these properties, it is widely used in flexible sensors, light-emitting devices, composite materials, energy, touch screens and high frequency electronics. [4][5][6][7][8] Therefore, graphene is regarded as a strategic emerging material in the 21st century. It is expected to become a landmark material in the era of human civilization after stone, bronze, steel, and silicon.According to the definition of International Organization Standardization (ISO), graphene can be monolayer, bilayer, multilayer (3-10 layers), or nanosheet (1-3 nanometers thick). As far as the raw materials, the quality of graphene produced in labs and factories varies. The ideal graphene is a perfect 2D honeycomb single crystal pure carbon material, while the actual graphene is a defective polycrystalline film or powder piled up by single crystal fragments. In 2018, Kauling et al. [9] tested and analyzed the product quality of sixty graphene manufacturers from the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The results show that the qualities of graphene products are far less than expected. Most companies only produce graphite microplatelets with very small particles rather than graphene. Thus, most of the potential application cannot be realized in these products.Graphene has gradually emerged as products in the market in recent years. Following the first application of graphene film in cellphone, the first 5th generation mobile communication technology tablet in China, was released in May 2020 with ultrathick 3D graphene cooling technology. Besides, the rapid spread of COVID-19 in 2020 led to the withdrawal of global medical resources, has inspired new application fields of graphene, such as graphene masks, [10] remote intelligent wearable devices, such as motion monitoring sensors, [11] and other graphene-based functional devices at microwave, terahertz, and optical frequencies. [12] Therefore, searching for the proper graphene-based industrial applications is a driving force for the benign development of the industry.In general, there is basically rare high-quality graphene that meets ISO standards in the market at present, which seriously Graphene, as an emerging 2D material, has been playing an important role in flexible electronics since its discovery in 2004. The representative fabrication methods of graphene include mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, redox reaction, etc. Based on its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermo-acoustical, optical, and other properties, graphene has made a great progress in the development of mechanical sensors, microphone, sound source, electrophysio...

A Review of Acoustic Devices Based on Suspended 2D Materials and Their Composites

“…Combined with 2D material based diaphragms, they are able to possess ultrahigh sensitivity and tunable bandwidth. [28,202] In Section 4.1, we will delve into a detailed discussion of those high performance piezoresistive pressure sensors based on 2D materials and compare them with the traditional acoustic sensors.…”

Graphene-based sensors for human-machine interaction

“…Graphene is a two-dimensional material with excellent characteristics including high flexibility, lightweight, good mechanical properties (42 N•m −1 breaking strength), high electron mobility (10,000 cm −2 •s −1 at room temperature), superior thermal conductivity (> 5000 W•mK −1 for a single-layer sheet), and excellent chemical inertness (due to its covalent bond structure) [4][5][6] . These properties make it an ideal choice for the creation of wearables, flexible, lightweight, easy-to-integrate sensors which are in high demand due to the rapid development of HMI 7,8 . Based on the various excellent properties of graphene, and the high-performance requirements as well as the massive demand for advanced sensors in the field of HMI, our research team has dedicated to the development of advanced graphene-based sensors for over a decade, with a focus on expanding their use in HMI and wearable healthcare [9][10][11] .…”

Design and Scalable Fabrication of Liquid Metal and Nano‐Sheet Graphene Hybrid Phase Change Materials for Thermal Management

“…[47] It has been reported in previous research that electrically biased graphene could be a promising thermal emitter. [48,49] Thus, demonstrating that the nano-scale graphene could provide an effective and cooperating mechanism for PCM integration.…”