From electricity smart grids to smart energy systems – A market operation based approach and understanding

Lund, Henrik; Andersen, Anders Nyboe; Østergaard, Poul Alberg; Mathiesen, Brian Vad; Connolly, David

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.04.003

Cited by 547 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In future power systems, a large fraction of intermittent power, such as wind and solar energy, will be needed, which poses a challenge in balancing demand and supply. [1][2][3][4] According to the Swedish Transmission System Operator (TSO), the Swedish secondary power balancing requirement will increase from 1800 MW in 2013 to 2300-3200 MW in 2025 due to increased wind power capacity. 5,6 Today, most secondary power balancing in Sweden is achieved by starting or stopping hydropower aggregates, but there is great unused capacity in other types of power plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand-Orientated Power Production from Biogas: Modeling and Simulations under Swedish Conditions

et al. 2015

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The total share of intermittent renewable electricity is increasing, intensifying the need for power balancing in future electricity systems. Demand-orientated combined heat and power (CHP) production from biogas has potential for this purpose. An agricultural biogas plant, using cattle manure and sugar beet for biogas and CHP production was analysed here. The model Dynamic Biogas plant Model (DyBiM) was developed and connected to the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1). Flexible scenarios were simulated and compared against a reference scenario with continuous production, in order to evaluate the technical requirements and economic implications of demand-orientated production. The study was set in Swedish conditions regarding electricity and heat price and the flexibility approaches assessed were increased CHP and gas storage capacity and feeding management. The results showed that larger gas storage capacity was needed for demand-orientated CHP production, but that feeding management reduced the storage requirement because of fast biogas production response to feeding. Income from 2 electricity increased by 10%, applying simple electricity production strategies to a doubled CHP capacity. However, as a result of the currently low Swedish diurnal electricity price variation and lack of subsidies for demand-orientated electricity production, the increase in income was too low to cover the investment costs. Nevertheless, DyBiM proved to be a useful modelling tool for assessing the economic outcome of different flexibility scenarios for demand-orientated CHP production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand-Orientated Power Production from Biogas: Modeling and Simulations under Swedish Conditions

et al. 2015

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Section: Type Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the RES production decreases, the CHP is used more with reduced priority for the heat pump (Figure 4). The advantage of such a system with added thermal storage capacity is that it can integrate fluctuating RES to a high percentage without losing the overall efficiency [44,45]. Electric large-scale heat pumps are documented as critical components of a Smart Energy System [9], and the combination between CHP and heat pumps and can provide the advantages of both the flexibility of fuels (such as biomass and waste) and the low prices of intermittent electricity.…”

Section: Type Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Roadmap Europe: Large-Scale Electric Heat Pumps in District Heating Systems

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The Heat Roadmap Europe (HRE) studies estimated a potential increase of the district heating (DH) share to 50% of the entire heat demand by 2050, with approximately 25-30% of it being supplied using large-scale electric heat pumps. This study builds on this potential and aims to document that such developments can begin now with technologies currently available. We present a database and the status of the technology and its ability of expansion to other European locations by reviewing experiences aimed at further research or application in the heating industry. This is based on a survey of the existing capacity of electric large-scale heat pumps with more than 1 MW thermal output, operating in European DH systems. The survey is the first database of its kind containing the technical characteristics of these heat pumps, and provides the basis for the analysis of this paper. By quantifying the heat sources, refrigerants, efficiency and types of operation of 149 units with 1580 MW of thermal output, the study further uses this data to analyze if the deployment of this technology on a large-scale is possible in other locations in Europe. It finally demonstrates that the technical level of the existing heat pumps is mature enough to make them suitable for replication in other locations in Europe.

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“…Minimum stay restrictions for transitions and uptime (Table 2) are modeled with constraint (18). For sequence dependent transitions, such as warm and cold startups, constraints (19), (20) and (22) are employed.…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CHP plants can also be part of so-called virtual power plants that facilitate the integration of different renewable energy sources (Wille-Haussmann et al, 2010) [19]. Additional benefits might be realized by interacting with power reserve markets (Lund et al, 2012) [20]. However, in this paper, we focus on the derivation of an efficient MILP model for the operational optimization of CHP plants with given steam and electricity demand profiles according to time-sensitive electricity prices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal scheduling of industrial combined heat and power plants under time-sensitive electricity prices

Mitra

Sun

Grossmann

2013

Energy

226

109

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Combined heat and power (CHP) plants are widely used in industrial applications. In the aftermath of the recession, many of the associated production processes are under-utilized, which challenges the competitiveness of chemical companies. However, under-utilization can be a chance for tighter interaction with the power grid, which is in transition to the so-called smart grid, if the CHP plant can dynamically react to time-sensitive electricity prices.In this paper, we describe a generalized mode model on a component basis that addresses the operational optimization of industrial CHP plants. The mode formulation tracks the state of each plant component in a detailed manner and can account for different operating modes, e.g. fuel-switching for boilers and supplementary firing for gas turbines, and transitional behavior. Transitional behavior such as warm and cold start-ups, shutdowns and pre-computed start-up trajectories is modeled with modes as well. The feasible region of operation for each component is described based on input-output relationships that are thermodynamically sound, such as the Willans line for steam turbines. Furthermore, we emphasize the use of mathematically efficient logic constraints that allow solving the large-scale models fast.

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From electricity smart grids to smart energy systems – A market operation based approach and understanding

Cited by 547 publications

References 32 publications

Demand-Orientated Power Production from Biogas: Modeling and Simulations under Swedish Conditions

Demand-Orientated Power Production from Biogas: Modeling and Simulations under Swedish Conditions

Heat Roadmap Europe: Large-Scale Electric Heat Pumps in District Heating Systems

Optimal scheduling of industrial combined heat and power plants under time-sensitive electricity prices

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