From Dental to Mental Institutions: An American Dentist and a British Psychiatrist Highlight Insanity Following Nitrous-Oxide Administration

Edwards, Matthew L.; Bause, George S.

doi:10.1016/j.janh.2018.02.002

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Both acute and chronic inhalation of this substance can result in vitamin B 12 deficiency with hematologic (megaloblastic anemia), neurologic (subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, motor‐sensory polyneuropathy), and psychiatric sequelae (memory loss, depression, hypomania, transient psychosis) 3‐5 . Previous studies have detailed examples of the transient psychotic state seen in patients who abuse N 2 O 5‐10 . Here, we present a patient using N 2 O for 2 years who developed persistent psychotic illness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Nitrous Oxide Inhalant Use Disorder Preceding Symptoms Concerning for Primary Psychotic Illness

2020

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Background and Objective Nitrous oxide has long been used recreationally for its ability to induce euphoria and other deliriant effects. In modern times, it remains a popular, legal, and widely available option for those seeking altered states. Though substance‐induced psychotic symptoms have been mentioned in the literature, the potential long‐term negative neuropsychiatric effects related to its use have not been well established. Methods and Results This is a patient case report of a young man (N = 1) who initially presented with acute neurological symptoms requiring hospitalization due to heavy nitrous oxide inhalant use, and went on to present with symptoms concerning for a primary psychotic illness over multiple inpatient admissions. He provided both verbal and written consent to share his story for this case report. Discussion and Conclusions It is important to consider nitrous oxide use as a possible contributing factor to the development of primary psychotic illness. Scientific Significance Current literature suggests that psychosis associated with nitrous oxide use is transient and resolves upon cessation and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency. Here, we present a patient with risk factors for psychotic illness developing psychotic illness following extensive nitrous oxide use. This report offers a unique perspective of longitudinal follow‐up (often not provided with reports on this topic), and illustrates the importance of healthcare providers inquiring about nitrous oxide abuse in patients presenting with early psychotic symptoms. (Am J Addict 2020;29:525–527)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Nitrous Oxide Inhalant Use Disorder Preceding Symptoms Concerning for Primary Psychotic Illness

2020

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“…Nevertheless, several medical professionals questioned the potential correlation between surgical procedures or severe illnesses and the manifestation of cognitive impairment. [1][2][3][4] Thus, it is still uncertain if either POCD or a serious illness can trigger the onset of dementia.…”

Section: Indroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Mechanism and Prevention

Murtadho

2023

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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) refers to a condition characterized by impaired cognitive processing and reasoning, which can negatively affect perceptual abilities and play a crucial role in overall health. Factors such as age, educational attainment, history of mental illness, and the presence of comorbid diseases can influence the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Strategies aimed at preventing the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) involve both surgical interventions and addressing patient-related issues, as well as optimizing the administration of anesthetics and conducting surgery in a stress-free manner. The benefits of reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in brain cells have been demonstrated. Postoperative recovery may be extended due to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The studies conducted showed heterogeneity in terms of patient groups, methodology used to quantify POCD, and study design, making it challenging to draw generalizable conclusions. The prevalence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a widespread health concern globally.

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“…Disordered neurocognitive function following surgery is a heterogenous set of conditions, which includes both the fluctuating and typically transient postoperative delirium and the more protracted problem of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). POCD is a well-known risk of the surgical experience, having been described as a consequence of anesthesia as early as 1887 (1), and a common complication of cardiac surgery since the 1950's (2). More than 60 years following its modern description, it is only just now that clearly articulated guidelines have been suggested for identifying POCD (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Neuroinflammation in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Moving From Hypothesis to Treatment

2019

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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication of the surgical experience and is common in the elderly and patients with preexisting neurocognitive disorders. Animal and human studies suggest that neuroinflammation from either surgery or anesthesia is a major contributor to the development of POCD. Moreover, a large and growing body of literature has focused on identifying potential risk factors for the development of POCD, as well as identifying candidate treatments based on the neuroinflammatory hypothesis. However, variability in animal models and clinical cohorts makes it difficult to interpret the results of such studies, and represents a barrier for the development of treatment options for POCD. Here, we present a broad topical review of the literature supporting the role of neuroinflammation in POCD. We provide an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of POCD from pre-clinical and human studies. We offer a brief discussion of the ongoing debate on the root cause of POCD. We conclude with a list of current and hypothesized treatments for POCD, with a focus on recent and current human randomized clinical trials.

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From Dental to Mental Institutions: An American Dentist and a British Psychiatrist Highlight Insanity Following Nitrous-Oxide Administration

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Nitrous Oxide Inhalant Use Disorder Preceding Symptoms Concerning for Primary Psychotic Illness

Nitrous Oxide Inhalant Use Disorder Preceding Symptoms Concerning for Primary Psychotic Illness

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Mechanism and Prevention

The Role of Neuroinflammation in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Moving From Hypothesis to Treatment

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